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      Toll-like receptor 4 is needed to restrict the invasion of Escherichia coli P4 into mammary gland epithelial cells in a murine model of acute mastitis.

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          Abstract

          Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is a common disease in breast-feeding women and dairy animals. Escherichia coli is a leading cause of mastitis in dairy animals. During the course of the disease the host mounts a strong inflammatory response, but specific bacterial virulence factors have not yet been identified. Here we report the use of a murine mastitis model to investigate the innate inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland. We show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion induces mastitis in wild-type mice (C3H/HeN), but not in mice expressing mutated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (C3H/HeJ). The wild-type phenotype was restored by adoptive transfer of TLR4-expressing macrophages into the alveolar milk space of C3H/HeJ mice. In contrast to the LPS treatment, infection with E. coli P4 (ECP4) resulted in inflammation even in the absence of LPS/TLR4 signalling, indicating that additional factors play a role in the pathogenesis of the intact bacteria. Furthermore, in the absence of functional TLR4 the infecting ECP4 invade the epithelial cells with high efficiency, forming intracellular microcolonies. However, adoptive transfer with TLR4-expressing macrophages drastically reduced the epithelial invasion. Taken together, these results indicate that ECP4 has an invasive potential, which is restricted by alveolar macrophages in response to the LPS/TLR4 signalling.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Cell Microbiol
          Cellular microbiology
          Wiley
          1462-5814
          1462-5814
          Dec 2007
          : 9
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] The Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
          Article
          CMI999
          10.1111/j.1462-5822.2007.00999.x
          17608742
          d54024c9-ef79-4e0e-aa41-5ec18b2d5832
          History

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