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      Magnetism in icosahedral quasicrystals: current status and open questions

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          Abstract

          Progress in our understanding of the magnetic properties of R-containing icosahedral quasicrystals ( R = rare earth element) from over 20 years of experimental effort is reviewed. This includes the much studied R-Mg-Zn and R-Mg-Cd ternary systems, as well as several magnetic quasicrystals that have been discovered and investigated more recently including Sc-Fe-Zn, R-Ag-In, Yb-Au-Al, the recently synthesized R-Cd binary quasicrystals, and their periodic approximants. In many ways, the magnetic properties among these quasicrystals are very similar. However, differences are observed that suggest new experiments and promising directions for future research.

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          Stereospecific targeting of MTH1 by (S)-crizotinib as anticancer strategy

          Kilian Huber, Eidarus Salah, Branka Radic … (2014)
          Summary Activated Ras GTPase signalling is a critical driver of oncogenic transformation and malignant disease. Cellular models of RAS-dependent cancers have been used to identify experimental small-molecules, such as SCH51344, but their molecular mechanism of action remains generally enigmatic. Here, using a chemical proteomic approach we identify the target of SCH51344 as the human mutT homologue MTH1, a nucleotide pool sanitising enzyme. Loss-of-function of MTH1 impaired growth of KRAS tumour cells whereas MTH1 overexpression mitigated sensitivity toward SCH51344. Searching for more drug-like inhibitors, we identified the kinase inhibitor crizotinib as a nanomolar suppressor of MTH1 activity. Surprisingly, the clinically used (R)-enantiomer of the drug was inactive, whereas the (S)-enantiomer selectively inhibited MTH1 catalytic activity. Enzymatic assays, chemical proteomic profiling, kinome-wide activity surveys, and MTH1 co-crystal structures of both enantiomers provided a rationale for this remarkable stereospecificity. Disruption of nucleotide pool homeostasis via MTH1 inhibition by (S)-crizotinib induced an increase in DNA single strand breaks, activated DNA repair in human colon carcinoma cells, and effectively suppressed tumour growth in animal models. Our results propose (S)-crizotinib as an attractive chemical entity for further pre-clinical evaluation and small molecule inhibitors of MTH1 in general as a promising novel class of anti-cancer agents.
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            Spin freezing in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnet Tb2Mo2O7.

            (1992)
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              Concentration-Temperature Superposition of Helix Folding Rates in Gelatin

              E. Terentjev, J Gornall (2006)
              We study the kinetics of helix-coil transition in water solutions of gelatin (collagen protein) by optical rotation techniques combined with thermal characterization. By examining the rates of secondary helix folding, and covering a very wide range of solution concentrations, we are able to identify a universal exponential dependence of folding rate on concentration and quench temperature. We demonstrate a new concentration-temperature superposition of data at all temperatures and concentrations, and build the corresponding master curve. The results support the concept of a diffuse helix-coil transition. We find no concentration dependance of the normalized rate constant, suggesting first order (single) kinetics of secondary helix folding dominate in the early stages of renaturation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sci Technol Adv Mater
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sci Technol Adv Mater
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TSTA
                Title: Science and Technology of Advanced Materials
                Publisher: Taylor & Francis
                ISSN (Print): 1468-6996
                ISSN (Electronic): 1878-5514
                Publication date Collection: August 2014
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 July 2014
                Volume: 15
                Issue: 4
                Electronic Location Identifier: 044801
                Affiliations
                Ames Laboratory US DOE and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
                Author notes
                Article
                Publisher ID: TSTA11661194
                DOI: 10.1088/1468-6996/15/4/044801
                PMC ID: 5090687
                PubMed ID: 27877699
                SO-VID: d554c7fa-0cc7-46d0-b3f2-e42c971381aa
                Copyright © © 2014 National Institute for Materials Science
                License:

                Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

                History
                Date received : 09 March 2014
                Date accepted : 09 June 2014
                Date revision received : 02 July 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Focus on Complex Metallic Phases

                Keywords: quasicrystals,rare earth magnetism,frustration,spin glass transition,quantum critical behavior,magnetic ordering,neutron scattering
                Data availability:
                Keywords: quasicrystals, rare earth magnetism, frustration, spin glass transition, quantum critical behavior, magnetic ordering, neutron scattering

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