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      Regulation of cell polarity in the cartilage growth plate and perichondrium of metacarpal elements by HOXD13 and WNT5A.

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          Abstract

          The morphology of bones is genetically determined, but the molecular mechanisms that control shape, size and the overall gestalt of bones remain unclear. We previously showed that metacarpals in the synpolydactyly homolog (spdh) mouse, which carries a mutation in Hoxd13 similar to the human condition synpolydactyly (SPD), were transformed to carpal-like bones with cuboid shape that lack cortical bone and a perichondrium and are surrounded by a joint surface. Here we provide evidence that spdh metacarpal growth plates have a defect in cell polarization with a random instead of linear orientation. In parallel prospective perichondral cells failed to adopt the characteristic flattened cell shape. We observed a similar cell polarity defect in metacarpals of Wnt5a(-/-) mice. Wnt5a and the closely related Wnt5b were downregulated in spdh handplates, and HOXD13 induced expression of both genes in vitro. Concomitant we observed mislocalization of core planar cell polarity (PCP) components DVL2 and PRICKLE1 in spdh metacarpals indicating a defect in the WNT/PCP pathway. Conversely the WNT/β-CATENIN pathway, a hallmark of joint cells lining carpal bones, was upregulated in the perichondral region. Finally, providing spdh limb explant cultures with cells expressing either HOXD13 or WNT5A led to a non-cell autonomous partial rescue of cell polarity the perichondral region and restored the expression of perichondral markers. This study provides a so far unrecognized link between HOX proteins and cell polarity in the perichondrium and the growth plate, a failure of which leads to transformation of metacarpals to carpal-like structures.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Dev. Biol.
          Developmental biology
          Elsevier BV
          1095-564X
          0012-1606
          Jan 01 2014
          : 385
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany; Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité University Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
          Article
          S0012-1606(13)00557-5
          10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.10.013
          24161848
          d58ba375-b402-4da9-8693-a04cff91ec43
          History

          Cartilage,Cell polarity,Growth plate,Hoxd13,Perichondrium,Wnt5a
          Cartilage, Cell polarity, Growth plate, Hoxd13, Perichondrium, Wnt5a

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