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      Toward the Geoscience Paper of the Future: Best practices for documenting and sharing research from data to software to provenance : Geoscience Paper of the Future

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          An Overview of CMIP5 and the Experiment Design

          Karl E. Taylor, Ronald J Stouffer, Gerald Meehl (2012)
          The fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) will produce a state-of-the- art multimodel dataset designed to advance our knowledge of climate variability and climate change. Researchers worldwide are analyzing the model output and will produce results likely to underlie the forthcoming Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Unprecedented in scale and attracting interest from all major climate modeling groups, CMIP5 includes “long term” simulations of twentieth-century climate and projections for the twenty-first century and beyond. Conventional atmosphere–ocean global climate models and Earth system models of intermediate complexity are for the first time being joined by more recently developed Earth system models under an experiment design that allows both types of models to be compared to observations on an equal footing. Besides the longterm experiments, CMIP5 calls for an entirely new suite of “near term” simulations focusing on recent decades and the future to year 2035. These “decadal predictions” are initialized based on observations and will be used to explore the predictability of climate and to assess the forecast system's predictive skill. The CMIP5 experiment design also allows for participation of stand-alone atmospheric models and includes a variety of idealized experiments that will improve understanding of the range of model responses found in the more complex and realistic simulations. An exceptionally comprehensive set of model output is being collected and made freely available to researchers through an integrated but distributed data archive. For researchers unfamiliar with climate models, the limitations of the models and experiment design are described.
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            Challenges and opportunities of open data in ecology.

            O. Reichman, Matthew Jones, Mark Schildhauer (2011)
            Ecology is a synthetic discipline benefiting from open access to data from the earth, life, and social sciences. Technological challenges exist, however, due to the dispersed and heterogeneous nature of these data. Standardization of methods and development of robust metadata can increase data access but are not sufficient. Reproducibility of analyses is also important, and executable workflows are addressing this issue by capturing data provenance. Sociological challenges, including inadequate rewards for sharing data, must also be resolved. The establishment of well-curated, federated data repositories will provide a means to preserve data while promoting attribution and acknowledgement of its use.
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              Retracted Science and the Retraction Index

              Ferric C. Fang, Arturo Casadevall, R P Morrison (2011)
              Infection and Immunity, 79(10), 3855-3859 Articles may be retracted when their findings are no longer considered trustworthy due to scientific misconduct or error, they plagiarize previously published work, or they are found to violate ethical guidelines. Using a novel measure that we call the “retraction index,” we found that the frequency of retraction varies among journals and shows a strong correlation with the journal impact factor. Although retractions are relatively rare, the retraction process is essential for correcting the literature and maintaining trust in the scientific process.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Earth and Space Science
                Abbreviated Title: Earth and Space Science
                Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell
                ISSN: 23335084
                Publication date Created: October 2016
                Publication date (Print): October 2016
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 388-415
                Article
                DOI: 10.1002/2015EA000136
                SO-VID: d58db1e5-265a-420d-a3b9-8e8fdf5cf0e2
                Copyright © © 2016
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                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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