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      Adherence to fibromyalgia treatment: challenges and impact on the quality of life Translated title: Adesão ao tratamento da fibromialgia: desafios e impactos na qualidade de vida

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Fibromyalgia is a chronic and idiopathic syndrome, characterized by a general distributed pain, more prevalent in women. Its pathophysiology remains unclear. Its chronicity implies an exclusively symptomatic treatment, often unsatisfactory. The lack of adherence to the established treatment is quite common. The objective of this study is to present a review of the adherence to the fibromyalgia syndrome treatment. CONTENTS: The concept of adherence to the fibromyalgia syndrome treatment, its classification, the identification of its measurement options, and the detection of its causes are detailed, revised and updated. CONCLUSION: The review of the literature regarding the adherence to the fibromyalgia syndrome treatment points to a large number of nonconformity of prescription, in general with the prevalence of the adoption of the reduction of the recommended dose and the interruption of the treatment, over possible overdoses and self-medication. The study of the causes that led to the non-adherence to the treatment elects the characteristics of the syndrome as the great villain for its occurrence. However, other associated factors such as the age of the subject with fibromyalgia, the intensity of the pain, the established polypharmacy, the quality of the doctor-patient relationship and the socioeconomic variables were also listed. The patient's quality of life was always higher in patients with higher adherence to treatment and persistence. Patients' quality of life indices may indicate the level of commitment to treatment adherence, and vice versa.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A fibromialgia é uma síndrome crônica e idiopática, caracterizada por queixa dolorosa de distribuição generalizada, mais prevalente em mulheres. A sua fisiopatologia continua não totalmente esclarecida. Sua cronicidade implica em tratamento exclusivamente sintomático e muitas vezes insatisfatório. A falta de adesão ao tratamento instituído é bastante comum. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sobre a adesão do tratamento da síndrome fibromiálgica. CONTEÚDO: O conceito de adesão ao tratamento da síndrome fibromiálgica, sua classificação, a identificação das opções de sua mensuração, e a detecção de suas causas são detalhados, revisados e atualizados. CONCLUSÃO: A revisão da literatura referente à adesão ao tratamento da síndrome fibromiálgica mostra um grande contingente de inconformidade de prescrição, em geral predominando a adoção da redução da dose orientada e a interrupção do próprio tratamento, sobre possíveis sobredoses e automedicações. O estudo das causas que levaram à falta de adesão ao tratamento elege as características da própria síndrome como a grande vilã para sua ocorrência; embora, tenham sido também elencados outros fatores associados como a idade do portador da síndrome fibromiálgica, a intensidade da dor, a polifarmácia instituída, a qualidade da relação médico-paciente, e as variáveis socioeconômicas. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes sempre foi maior naqueles cuja adesão e persistência ao tratamento foram maiores. Os índices de qualidade vida dos pacientes podem indicar o nível de comprometimento com a adesão ao tratamento, e vice-versa.

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          Medication compliance and persistence: terminology and definitions.

          The aim of the study is to provide guidance regarding the meaning and use of the terms "compliance" and "persistence" as they relate to the study of medication use. A literature review and debate on appropriate terminology and definitions were carried out. Medication compliance and medication persistence are two different constructs. Medication compliance (synonym: adherence) refers to the degree or extent of conformity to the recommendations about day-to-day treatment by the provider with respect to the timing, dosage, and frequency. It may be defined as "the extent to which a patient acts in accordance with the prescribed interval, and dose of a dosing regimen." Medication persistence refers to the act of continuing the treatment for the prescribed duration. It may be defined as "the duration of time from initiation to discontinuation of therapy." No overarching term combines these two distinct constructs. Providing specific definitions for compliance and persistence is important for sound quantitative expressions of patients' drug dosing histories and their explanatory power for clinical and economic events. Adoption of these definitions by health outcomes researchers will provide a consistent framework and lexicon for research.
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            Patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes: a meta-analysis.

            Adherence is a factor in the outcome of medical treatment, but the strength and moderators of the adherence-outcome association have not been systematically assessed. A quantitative review using meta-analysis of three decades of empirical research correlating adherence with objective measures of treatment outcomes. Sixty-three studies assessing patient adherence and outcomes of medical treatment were found involving medical regimens recommended by a nonpsychiatrist physician, and measuring patient adherence and health outcomes. Studies were analyzed according to disease (acute/chronic, severity), population (adult/child), type of regimen (preventive/treatment, use of medication), and type and sensitivity of adherence and outcomes measurements. Overall, the outcome difference between high and low adherence is 26%. According to a stringent random effects model, adherence is most strongly related to outcomes in studies of nonmedication regimens, where measures of adherence are continuous, and where the disease is chronic (particularly hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, intestinal disease, and sleep apnea). A less stringent fixed effects model shows a trend for higher adherence-outcome correlations in studies of less serious conditions, of pediatric patients, and in those studies using self-reports of adherence, multiple measures of adherence, and less specific measures of outcomes. Intercorrelations among moderator variables in multiple regression show that the best predictor of the adherence-outcome relationship is methodological-the sensitivity/quality of the adherence assessment.
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              Disability and quality of life in patients with fibromyalgia

              Background Patients with fibromyalgia often feel disabled in the performance of daily activities. Psychological factors seem to play a pronounced disabling role in fibromyalgia. The objectives of the study are: Firstly, to investigate contributing factors for disability in fibromyalgia. Secondly, to study psychological distress in patients with fibromyalgia as compared to other nonspecific pain syndromes. And finally, to explore the impact of fibromyalgia on a patient's quality of life. Methods In this cross sectional study, explaining factors for disability were studied based on a regression analysis with gender, mental health, physical and social functioning as independent variables. For the assessment of disability in fibromyalgia the FIQ was used. The levels of psychological distress in patients with fibromyalgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) and chronic low back pain (CLBP) were compared based on scores on the Symptom Checklist (SCL90). Quality of life of patients with fibromyalgia was compared with scores (SF36) of both patients with fibromyalgia and other health conditions as derived from the literature. Results Disability in fibromyalgia seemed best explained by a patients mental health condition (β = -0.360 p = 0.02). The level of psychological distress was higher in patients with fibromyalgia as compared to patients with CRPS or CLBP (p < 0.01). The impact of fibromyalgia on quality of life appeared to be high as compared to the impact of other health conditions. Conclusion Patients with fibromyalgia report a considerable impact on their quality of life and their perceived disability level seems influenced by their mental health condition. In comparison with patients with other pain conditions psychological distress is higher.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                brjp
                BrJP
                BrJP
                Sociedade Brasileira para o Estudo da Dor (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2595-0118
                2595-3192
                March 2019
                : 2
                : 1
                : 81-87
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo orgnameHospital A. C. Camargo Brazil
                [2] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameInstituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual Brazil
                Article
                S2595-31922019000100081
                10.5935/2595-0118.20190015
                d5c9dfb0-8d67-4f81-a1e0-25db426030ed

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 October 2018
                : 18 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 47, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Review Articles

                Adesão,Conformidade,Conformidade terapêutica,Fibromialgia,Persistência,Tratamento farmacológico,Tratamento não farmacológico,Adherence,Compliance,Fibromyalgia,Nonpharmacologic treatment,Persistence,Pharmacologic treatment,Therapeutic conformity

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