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      Prevalence of Dental Anxiety among Dental Patients in Saudi Arabia

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          Anxiety towards dental procedures are common difficulties that may be experienced by dental patients all over the world. This study focused on evaluating the dental anxiety frequency and its relationship with age, gender, educational level, and past dental visits among patients attending the outpatient clinics of College of Dentistry, Al Jouf University, Saudi Arabia.

          Material and Methods:

          A total of 221 patients, aged 21–50 years were selected for the study. A questionnaire comprising the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to measure the level of dental anxiety. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.

          Results:

          The mean anxiety score of the 221 patients was 11.39 (SD ± 2.7). Independent t-test showed a significant variation between the age groups with regards to their mean overall anxiety score ( P < 0.05), which reduced with increasing age. A significant difference was found by independent t-test in the mean total score between male and female groups and regarding previous dental visit ( P < 0.05). Regarding education level, there was no significant difference between the groups ( P > 0.05).

          Conclusion:

          Younger patients, female, and patients with previous unpleasant dental experience were associated with increased MDAS score.

          Clinical Significance:

          The present study was done for better patient management and proper treatment plan development for dentally anxious patients.

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          Most cited references42

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          The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale: validation and United Kingdom norms.

          T Morrison, Robert Lindsay, G Humphris (1995)
          The Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (CDAS) has been used extensively in epidemiology and clinical research. It is brief and is claimed to have good psychometric properties. However, it does not include any reference to local anaesthetic injections, a major focus of anxiety for many. Also, the multiple choice answers for three of the four questions are not clearly in order of severity of anxiety as the CDAS intends. The answers differ among the questions thus making them difficult to compare. They include descriptions of physiological reactions and anxiety, confusing two loosely related components of the experience. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) described, added a question on anxiety about oral injections. New multiple choice answers, in clear order of anxiety and the same for each question, were provided. Twenty five dental personnel all confirmed independently the order of the multiple choice answers for the MDAS. They disagreed among themselves however, about the appropriate sequence for the answers denoting intermediate anxiety in the CDAS. Therefore the CDAS, unlike the MDAS, can provide meaningful measures only of extremely high or extremely low dental anxiety. Of 1392 subjects tested, 13 per cent expressed extreme anxiety about injections on the MDAS but were only 'fairly' or less anxious about drilling. Thus, the CDAS, unlike the MDAS, must overlook subjects very afraid of injections only. Data confirm the high reliability and validity of the MDAS and provide norms for phobic and nonphobic subjects.
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            The modified dental anxiety scale: UK general public population norms in 2008 with further psychometrics and effects of age

            Gerry M Humphris, Tom A Dyer, Peter Robinson (2009)
            Background The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) is a brief, self-complete questionnaire consisting of five questions and summed together to produce a total score ranging from 5 to 25. It has reasonable psychometric properties, low instrumental effects and can be integrated into everyday dental practice as a clinical aid and screen for dental anxiety. The objectives were to (i) produce confirmatory evidence of reliability and validity for the MDAS, (ii) provide up-to-date UK representative norms for the general public to enable clinicians to compare their patients' scores, (iii) to determine the nature of the relationship between dental anxiety and age. Methods Telephone survey of a representative quota sample of 1000 UK adults (>18 years of age) conducted between 7–21 April, 2008. Results Attrition of potential participants was high in the recruitment process, although bias was minimal. Estimated proportion of participants with high dental anxiety (cut-off score = 19) was 11.6%. Dental anxiety was four times greater in the youngest age group (18–39 yrs) compared to older participants (60+ yrs), controlling for sex, social class and self-reported dental visiting behaviour confirming previous developed-world reports. Conclusion The scale's psychometrics is supportive for the routine assessment of patient dental anxiety to compare against a number of major demographic groups categorised by age and sex. Dental anxiety was high in younger compared to older people.
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              Further evidence for the reliability and validity of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale.

              Dany D'Souza, Michael R. Freeman, Karen Campbell … (2000)
              To gain further evidence of the psychometric properties of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale. Dental admission clinics. Consecutive sampling, cross-sectional survey. Patients (n = 800) in four cities (Belfast, Northern Ireland; Helsinki, Finland; Jyväskylä, Finland and Dubai, UAE). Questionnaire booklet handed to patients, attending clinics, for completion following an invitation by the researcher to be included in the study. Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), together with further questions concerning dental attendance and nervousness about dental procedures. Overall 9.3 per cent of patients indicated high dental anxiety. MDAS showed high levels of internal consistency, and good construct validity. The relationship of dental anxiety with age was similar to previous reports and showed lowered anxiety levels in older patients. Data from three countries has supported the psychometric properties of this modified and brief dental anxiety scale.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Int Soc Prev Community Dent
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JISPCD
                Title: Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry
                Publisher: Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                ISSN (Print): 2231-0762
                ISSN (Electronic): 2250-1002
                Publication date (Print): Mar-Apr 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 29 March 2017
                Volume: 7
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 100-104
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
                [1 ]Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, MSA University, Egypt
                [2 ]Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Aljouf University, Saudi Arabia
                [3 ]General Dentist, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Mostafa I. Fayad, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt. E-mail: dr.mostafa.fayad@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: JISPCD-7-100
                DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_19_17
                PMC ID: 5390573
                PubMed ID: 28462178
                SO-VID: d5cdc96c-f6c6-4e07-b034-7066c449ab95
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2017 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 14 January 2017
                Date accepted : 06 March 2017
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                Keywords: dental anxiety,dental fear,modified dental anxiety scale
                Data availability:
                Keywords: dental anxiety, dental fear, modified dental anxiety scale

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