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      Uso de equipos móviles para aumentar la cobertura vacunal antigripal entre el personal sanitario. Ensayo comunitario de intervención Translated title: Use of mobile immunization teams to increase influenza vaccination coverage among heatlthcare workers. A community intervention trial

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: El uso de equipos móviles ha sido propuesto como estrategia para aumentar la cobertura de vacunación antigripal (VAG) entre el personal sanitario (PS), pero no ha sido evaluado en Atención Primaria (AP). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si el uso de equipos móviles aumenta la cobertura de la VAG entre el PS de una zona básica de salud de AP de la Comunidad Valenciana. Métodos: Ensayo de intervención comunitaria que incluyó a todo el PS de AP de una zona básica de salud de la Comunidad Valenciana. La asignación fue por conglomerados en una etapa, con el PS de un centro de salud como grupo de intervención y el del resto de centros como grupo control. El PS del grupo de intervención recibió la visita de un equipo formado por un médico y un enfermero que ofreció in situ la vacunación antigripal, mientras que el grupo control no recibió tal visita. La variable independiente fue la visita del equipo móvil y la variable dependiente fue la VAG en la temporada de estudio (2015-2016). El análisis de los datos se realizó tanto para las coberturas de VAG totales como separadamente por sexo, edad, categoría profesional y antecedentes de VAG en las temporadas anteriores. Para comparar las distribuciones de frecuencia de datos apareados se usó la prueba de McNemar. Resultados: El grupo control pasó de 14 (31,8%) vacunados en la temporada 2014-2015 a 19 (45.2%) en la 2015-2016, mientras que el grupo de intervención pasó de 19 (30,6%) a 34 (54,8%). Entre el total del PS se pasó de 33 (31,3%) vacunados a 53 (50,0%). Este aumento fue significativo. Por grupos, el aumento fue significativo entre los que recibieron la visita del equipo móvil (p=0,0003), pero no en el grupo de control (p=0,18). Conclusiones: La visita de un equipo móvil es un factor significativo favorable a la VAG entre el PS de AP en nuestro medio.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: The use of mobile immunization teams has been proposed as a strategy to increase influenza vaccination (IV) coverage among healthcare workers (HCW), but has not been evaluated in Primary Healthcare (PHC). The objective of this work was to determine if the use of mobile immunization teams increases IV coverage among HCW of a basic health area in the Valencian Community. Methods: Community intervention trial that included all HCWs from a basic health area in the Valencian Community. The assignment was by conglomerates in one stage, with the HCWs of a health center as an intervention group and that of the rest of the centers as a control group. The intervention group was visited by a team consisting of a doctor and a nurse who offered on-site IV, while the control group did not receive such a visit. The independent variable was the visit of the mobile immunization team and the dependent variable was IV in the study season (2015-2016). Data analysis was done both for the total IV coverage and separately for sex, age, professional category and history of IV in the previous seasons. A McNemar test was used to compare frequency distributions of paired data. Results: The control group went from 14 (31.8%) vaccinated in the 2014-2015 season to 19 (45.2%) in the 2015-2016 season, while the intervention group went from 19 (30.6%) to 34 (54.8%). Among the total of the WHCs it went from 33 (31.3%) vaccinated to 53 (50.0%). This increase was significant. By groups, the increase was significant among those who received the visit of the mobile team (p = 0.0003), but not in the control group (p=0.18). Conclusions: The visit of a mobile immunization team is a significant factor favorable to IV among HCW in our setting.

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          Influenza vaccination of health care workers in hospitals--a review of studies on attitudes and predictors.

          Immunization guidelines from many countries recommend influenza vaccination of health care workers (HCW). However, influenza vaccination rates among HCW are universally low. To aid in designing effective immunization programs we reviewed the literature for studies reporting on (1) self-reported reasons of HCW regarding vaccination against influenza and (2) predictive factors for influenza vaccination in HCW. We searched PUBMED for relevant publications from 1980 to 2008 with predetermined search strategies and applied pre-defined criteria for inclusion or exclusion. To be included in the review as a predictor study, a multivariate analysis must have been conducted. We included 25 studies relevant to self-reported reasons for rejecting or accepting vaccination. These studies identified two major reasons for lack of vaccine uptake by HCW: firstly, a wide range of misconceptions or lack of knowledge about influenza infection; and secondly, a lack of convenient access to vaccine. In contrast, among studies reporting on reasons for vaccination acceptance, all but two found that HCW stated self-protection was the most important reason. In the area of "predictive factors for influenza vaccination", we included 13 studies. At least five of them identified the following three factors: previous receipt of influenza vaccine, belief in the vaccine's effectiveness, and older age. Our findings indicate that if HCW get immunized against influenza, they do so primarily for their own benefit and not for the benefit to their patients. Misconceptions about influenza and influenza vaccine could be improved by education, and organizational barriers could be bridged with sustainable, structural changes to allow flexible and workplace vaccine delivery.
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            Opting in vs opting out of influenza vaccination.

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              Effectiveness of an influenza vaccine programme for care home staff to prevent death, morbidity, and health service use among residents: cluster randomised controlled trial.

              To determine whether vaccination of care home staff against influenza indirectly protects residents. Pair matched cluster randomised controlled trial. Large private chain of UK care homes during the winters of 2003-4 and 2004-5. Nursing home staff (n=1703) and residents (n=2604) in 44 care homes (22 intervention homes and 22 matched control homes). Vaccination offered to staff in intervention homes but not in control homes. The primary outcome was all cause mortality of residents. Secondary outcomes were influenza-like illness and health service use in residents. In 2003-4 vaccine coverage in full time staff was 48.2% (407/884) in intervention homes and 5.9% (51/859) in control homes. In 2004-5 uptake rates were 43.2% (365/844) and 3.5% (28/800). National influenza rates were substantially below average in 2004-5. In the 2003-4 period of influenza activity significant decreases were found in mortality of residents in intervention homes compared with control homes (rate difference -5.0 per 100 residents, 95% confidence interval -7.0 to -2.0) and in influenza-like illness (P=0.004), consultations with general practitioners for influenza-like illness (P=0.008), and admissions to hospital with influenza-like illness (P=0.009). No significant differences were found in 2004-5 or during periods of no influenza activity in 2003-4. Vaccinating care home staff against influenza can prevent deaths, health service use, and influenza-like illness in residents during periods of moderate influenza activity. National Research Register N0530147256.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201904017
                Affiliations
                [1] Onteniente Valencia orgnameCentre de Salut Ontinyent-II España
                [3] Vallada Valencia orgnameCentre de Salut de Valladaa España
                [4] Játiva Valencia orgnameHospital Lluís Alcanyís orgdiv1Servicio de Urgencias Generales España
                [2] Játiva Valencia orgnameCentro de Salud Pública de Xàtiva España
                [5] Onteniente Valencia orgnameCentre de Salut Ontinyent-III España
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100410 S1135-5727(19)09300000410
                d5e29b9b-2b2a-434a-9559-09799f7630de

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 February 2019
                : 22 March 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

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                Programas de inmunización,Atención primaria de salud,Gripe humana,Salud laboral,Vacunas,España,Personal de salud,Human influenza,Cobertura de vacunación,Public health,Vacunas contra la influenza,Spain,Immunization programs,Primary health care,Vaccination coverage,Health personnel,Influenza vaccines,Vaccines,Occupational health,Salud pública

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