Ascaris lumbricoides: Capacidad de unión a hialuronato

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Abstract

El ácido hialurónico tiene importantes funciones en los procesos inflamatorios y de reparación tisular. Sus principales receptores son CD44, RHAMM e ICAM-I. Debido a la variedad de estrategias utilizadas por los parásitos para evadir la respuesta inmune del hospedador y considerando las múltiples funciones e importancia fisiológica del ácido hialurónico, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar si Ascaris lumbricoides tiene capacidad de unión a hialuronato. Se trabajó con 36 extractos de A. lumbricoides obtenidos por remoción quirúrgica de la cutícula y ruptura mecánica refrigerada. Se modificó la técnica de detección de CD44 soluble en suero por Inhibición de la Agregación por adhesión. Los resultados demostraron que 23 de los 36 extractos estudiados tenían capacidad de unión a hialuronato. Este hecho podría deberse a la existencia de algún receptor en el parásito que une hialuronato y que eventualmente competiría con los receptores habituales del hospedador. A. lumbricoides podría utilizar este mecanismo para evadir la respuesta inmune.

Translated abstract

Hyaluronan acid has important functions in inflammatory and tissue reparation processes. Its main receptors are CD44, RHAMM and ICAM-I. Owing to the varied strategies of the parasites to evade the host´s immune response, and also considering the multiple functions and physiological importance of hyaluronan acid, the aim was to study if Ascaris lumbricoides has hyaluronan binding capacity. Extracts of A. lumbricoides were prepared by surgical remotion of the cuticle and refrigerated mechanical rupture. The study was done on 36 parasite extracts. The test of serum soluble CD44 Detection by Aggregation Inhibition was modified. Of the 36 extracts studied, 23 presented hyaluronan binding capacity. This fact can possibly be due to the existence of a receptor with hyaluronan acid binding capacity in the parasite, which eventually might compete with the usual receptors of the host. A. lumbricoides might use this mechanism to evade the immune response.

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Hyaluronan-binding proteins in development, tissue homeostasis, and disease.

W Knudson, Edward Knudson (1993)

The high molecular weight glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan plays an important role in tissue remodeling during development, normal tissue homeostasis, and disease. The interaction of hyaluronan with matrix hyaluronan-binding proteins and cell-surface hyaluronan receptors regulates many aspects of cell behavior such as cell migration, cell-cell adhesion, and cell differentiation. Hyaluronan-binding proteins have been grouped together as a family termed hyaladherins--further subdivided in matrix and cell-surface hyaladherins (receptors). Specific hyaluronan-hyaladherin interactions that affect cell behavior are the focus of this review. Both clearance and turnover of hyaluronan involve hyaluronan receptor-mediated endocytosis. Pericellular matrix assembly and retention on many cells, especially chondrocytes, are mediated by hyaluronan receptors, in coordination with other matrix hyaladherins. Hyaluronan can also have an independent, direct effect on cell-to-cell adhesion as well as migration, again mediated by specific cell-surface hyaluronan receptors. This is especially apparent in tumor cells, where metastatic potential is correlated with hyaluronan receptor expression. As migrating cells encounter new environments enriched in matrix hyaladherins, the capacity for matrix assembly may terminate cell migration. Thus, the temporal/spatial deposition of particular matrix hyaladherins also serves as signals or matrix cues to alter cell behavior.