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      Padrões alimentares de adolescentes e associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular: uma revisão sistemática Translated title: Dietary habits of adolescents and associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review

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          Abstract

          Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar por meio de uma revisão sistemática os principais padrões alimentares de adolescentes e verificar sua associação com fatores de risco cardiovascular. Foi realizada busca nas bases de dados Lilacs, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, além da busca manual de artigos originais publicados entre 2005 a 2014. Dos 371 registros identificados; 26 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram inseridos na revisão. Os principais padrões alimentares observados foram Ocidental (61%), Saudável (42%) e Tradicionais (38%). O padrão Ocidental foi positivamente associado com colesterol total e Síndrome Metabólica (SM), enquanto que o Saudável associou-se inversamente com glicemia de jejum, Pressão Arterial Diastólica (PAD) e SM e positivamente com HDL-c, todas estas associações com qualidade da evidência D, muito baixa, segundo o sistema GRADE. Os padrões Tradicionais se relacionaram como fator de risco para hiperglicemia, hiperinsulinemia e hipertrigliceridemia e proteção para atividade física e IMC eutrófico. Por mais que estes resultados precisem ser analisados com prudência, devido à baixa qualidade da evidência, observa-se a necessidade de medidas que visem à promoção da alimentação saudável em adolescentes, de modo a contribuir para a prevenção de fatores de risco cardiovascular.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review to establish the major dietary habits of adolescents and the corresponding association with cardiovascular risk factors. Research was performed in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in addition to a manual search for original articles published between 2005 and 2014. Of the 371 entries identified; 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were covered in the review. The main dietary habits observed were Western (61%) Healthy (42%) and Traditional (38%). Western dietary habits were positively associated with total cholesterol and SM, while Healthy dietary habits were inversely associated with fasting glycaemia, DBP and SM and positively with HDL-C, all of the aforementioned associations with very low (D) quality of evidence in accordance with the GRADE rating. The Traditional dietary habits were considered a risk factor for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia and protection for physical activity and eutrophic BMI. Although these results need to be analyzed with caution, due to the low quality of evidence, there is a clear need for actions aimed at promoting healthy dietary habits in adolescents in order to contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.

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          Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement.

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            GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.

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              Application of a new statistical method to derive dietary patterns in nutritional epidemiology.

              Because foods are consumed in combination, it is difficult in observational studies to separate the effects of single foods on the development of diseases. A possible way to examine the combined effect of food intakes is to derive dietary patterns by using appropriate statistical methods. The objective of this study was to apply a new statistical method, reduced rank regression (RRR), that is more flexible and powerful than the classic principal component analysis. RRR can be used efficiently in nutritional epidemiology by choosing disease-specific response variables and determining combinations of food intake that explain as much response variation as possible. The authors applied RRR to extract dietary patterns from 49 food groups, specifying four diabetes-related nutrients and nutrient ratios as responses. Data were derived from a nested German case-control study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Potsdam study consisting of 193 cases with incident type 2 diabetes identified until 2001 and 385 controls. The four factors extracted by RRR explained 93.1% of response variation, whereas the first four factors obtained by principal component analysis accounted for only 41.9%. In contrast to principal component analysis and other methods, the new RRR method extracted a significant risk factor for diabetes.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                csc
                Ciência & Saúde Coletiva
                Ciênc. saúde coletiva
                ABRASCO - Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva
                1678-4561
                April 2016
                : 21
                : 4
                : 1181-1196
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
                Article
                S1413-81232016000401181
                10.1590/1413-81232015214.08742015
                d5f40fe7-8a11-4056-99b3-6d5d53cac39b

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1413-8123&lng=en
                Categories
                Health Policy & Services

                Public health
                Food consumption,Dietary habit,Cardiovascular disease,Adolescent,Systematic review,Consumo alimentar,Padrão alimentar,Doença cardiovascular,Adolescentes,Revisão sistemática

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