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      Interleukin-6 in acute exercise and training: what is the biological relevance?

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      Exercise immunology review

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          Abstract

          It is now recognized that contracting skeletal muscle may synthesize and release interleukin-6 (IL-6) into the interstitium as well as into the systemic circulation in response to a bout of exercise. Although several sources of IL-6 have been demonstrated, contracting muscles contributes to most of the IL-6 present in the circulation in response to exercise. The magnitude of the exercise-induced IL-6 response is dependent on intensity and especially duration of the exercise, while the mode of exercise has little effect. Several mechanisms may link muscle contractions to IL-6 synthesis: Changes in calcium homeostasis, impaired glucose availability, and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are all capable of activating transcription factors known to regulate IL-6 synthesis. Via its effects on liver, adipose tissue, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and leukocytes, IL-6 may modulate the immunological and metabolic response to exercise. However, prolonged exercise involving a significant muscle mass in the contractile activity is necessary in order to produce a marked systemic IL-6 response. Furthermore, exercise training may reduce basal IL-6 production as well as the magnitude of the acute exercise IL-6 response by counteracting several potential stimuli of IL-6. Accordingly, a decreased plasma IL-6 concentration at rest as well as in response to exercise appears to characterize normal training adaptation.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Exerc Immunol Rev
          Exercise immunology review
          1077-5552
          1077-5552
          2006
          : 12
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark. cfischer@dadlnet.dk
          Article
          17201070
          d60bbd43-e732-4afb-b03f-9d9b9e7f1284
          History

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