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      Earthquake-induced structural deformations enhance long-term solute fluxes from active volcanic systems

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          Abstract

          Evidence for relationships between seismotectonic activity and dissolved weathering fluxes remains limited. Motivated by the occurrence of new springs emerging after the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake and supported by historical groundwater data, this study focuses on the long-term effect of near-surface structural deformation on the contribution of deep, highly saline fluids to the solute fluxes from the Aso caldera, Kyushu, Japan. Available hydrologic and structural data suggest that concentrated, over-pressured groundwaters migrate to the surface when new hydraulic pathways open during seismic deformation. These new springs have a hydrochemical fingerprint (including δD H2O, δ 18O H2O, δ 7Li, δ 11B, δ 18O SO4, and δ 34S SO4) indistinguishable from long-established confined groundwater that likely reflects a mixture of infiltrated meteoric water with high-sulfate hydrothermal fluids. A comparison of historical hydrochemistry data and patterns of past seismicity suggests that discharge of deep fluids is associated with similar deformation structures to those observed during the Kumamoto earthquake, and that seismic activity plays an important role over historic timescales in delivering the majority of the solutes to the caldera outlet, sustaining fluxes that are amongst the world’s highest. This upwelling mechanism might be relevant for other systems too, and could contribute to the over-proportional share of active volcanic areas in global weathering fluxes.

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          Global silicate weathering and CO2 consumption rates deduced from the chemistry of large rivers

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            Basalt weathering laws and the impact of basalt weathering on the global carbon cycle

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              Hydrological signatures of earthquake strain

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                hosono@kumamoto-u.ac.jp
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                4 October 2018
                4 October 2018
                2018
                : 8
                : 14809
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0660 6749, GRID grid.274841.c, Priority Organization for Innovation and Excellence, , Kumamoto University, ; 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
                [2 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0660 6749, GRID grid.274841.c, Department of Earth and Environmental Science, , Kumamoto University, ; 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2217 0017, GRID grid.7452.4, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ Paris Diderot, UMR, ; 7154 CNRS Paris, France
                [4 ]Institute for Geology, Universität Hamburg, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), Bundesstrasse 55, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
                [5 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2156 6853, GRID grid.42505.36, Department of Earth Sciences, , University of Southern California, ; 3651 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA
                [6 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2188 0463, GRID grid.423940.8, Geochemistry & Isotope Biogeochemistry Group, , Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research (IOW), ; Seestrasse 15, D-18119 Warnemünde, Germany
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7200-7912
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1878-9321
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9347-0615
                Article
                32735
                10.1038/s41598-018-32735-1
                6172214
                30287836
                d60f5eb0-6ea4-488b-84f9-a886817c7983
                © The Author(s) 2018

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 11 April 2018
                : 10 September 2018
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef https://doi.org/10.13039/501100001691, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS);
                Award ID: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research B (17H01861)
                Award Recipient :
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