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      Magneto-Optical Relaxation Measurements of Functionalized Nanoparticles as a Novel Biosensor

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          Abstract

          Measurements of magneto-optical relaxation signals of magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with biomolecules are a novel biosensing tool. Upon transmission of a laser beam through a nanoparticle suspension in a pulsed magnetic field, the properties of the laser beam change. This can be detected by optical methods. Biomolecular binding events leading to aggregation of nanoparticles are ascertainable by calculating the relaxation time and from this, the hydrodynamic diameters of the involved particles from the optical signal. Interaction between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its antibody was utilized for demonstration of the measurement setup applicability as an immunoassay. Furthermore, a formerly developed kinetic model was utilized in order to determine kinetic parameters of the interaction. Beside utilization of the method as an immunoassay it can be applied for the characterization of diverse magnetic nanoparticles regarding their size and size distribution.

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          Improving biosensor analysis.

          David Myszka (1999)
          The quality of optical biosensor data must be improved in order to characterize the mechanism and rate constants associated with molecular interactions. Many of the artifacts associated with binding data can be minimized or eliminated by designing the experiment properly, collecting data under optimum conditions and processing the data with reference surfaces. It is possible to globally fit high-quality biosensor data with simple bimolecular reaction models, which validates the technology as a biophysical tool for interaction analysis. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
          Article 0 comments Cited 160 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Antibody arrays for high-throughput screening of antibody-antigen interactions.

            C Mundy, B Gorick, I Tomlinson … (2000)
            We have developed a novel technique for high-throughput screening of recombinant antibodies, based on the creation of antibody arrays. Our method uses robotic picking and high-density gridding of bacteria containing antibody genes followed by filter-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening to identify clones that express binding antibody fragments. By eliminating the need for liquid handling, we can thereby screen up to 18,342 different antibody clones at a time and, because the clones are arrayed from master stocks, the same antibodies can be double spotted and screened simultaneously against 15 different antigens. We have used our technique in several different applications, including isolating antibodies against impure proteins and complex antigens, where several rounds of phage display often fail. Our results indicate that antibody arrays can be used to identify differentially expressed proteins.
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              Ultrasensitive magnetic biosensor for homogeneous immunoassay.

              Timothy R. McDermott, Jamie R Stevens, Yann R. Chemla … (2000)
              A technique is described for specific, sensitive, quantitative, and rapid detection of biological targets by using superparamagnetic nanoparticles and a "microscope" based on a high-transition temperature dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). In this technique, a mylar film to which the targets have been bound is placed on the microscope. The film, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, is typically 40 micrometer from the SQUID, which is at 77 K in a vacuum. A suspension of magnetic nanoparticles carrying antibodies directed against the target is added to the mixture in the well, and 1-s pulses of magnetic field are applied parallel to the SQUID. In the presence of this aligning field the nanoparticles develop a net magnetization, which relaxes when the field is turned off. Unbound nanoparticles relax rapidly by Brownian rotation and contribute no measurable signal. Nanoparticles that are bound to the target on the film are immobilized and undergo Néel relaxation, producing a slowly decaying magnetic flux, which is detected by the SQUID. The ability to distinguish between bound and unbound labels allows one to run homogeneous assays, which do not require separation and removal of unbound magnetic particles. The technique has been demonstrated with a model system of liposomes carrying the FLAG epitope. The SQUID microscope requires no more than (5 +/- 2) x 10(4) magnetic nanoparticles to register a reproducible signal.
              Article 0 comments Cited 66 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date Collection: 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2009
                Volume: 9
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 4022-4033
                Affiliations
                University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany; E-Mails: gunnar.gloeckl@ 123456uni-greifswald.de (G.G.); stefan.nagel@ 123456uni-greifswald.de (S.N.); werner.weitschies@ 123456uni-greifswald.de (W.W.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: aurich@ 123456uni-greifswald.de ; Tel. +49-3834-864898; Fax: +49-3834-864886
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-09-04022
                DOI: 10.3390/s90604022
                PMC ID: 3291896
                PubMed ID: 22408511
                SO-VID: d6150ef5-d360-4a64-93b0-355fbf4d3f87
                Copyright © © 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland.
                License:

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

                History
                Date received : 27 March 2009
                Date revision received : 21 May 2009
                Date accepted : 25 May 2009
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles,immunoassay,igf-1 assay,magneto-optical relaxation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: magnetic nanoparticles, immunoassay, igf-1 assay, magneto-optical relaxation

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