Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification for the Synthesis of Medium-Long-Medium (MLM) Structured Lipids – A Review

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SUMMARY

Medium-long-medium (MLM) structured lipids typically contain medium-chain fatty acids (C6-C12) at sn-1,3 and long-chain fatty acids (C14-C24) at sn-2 positions. They have reduced calories and are suitable for the control of obesity, lipid malabsorption and other metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the synthesis of MLM lipids by the enzymatic interesterification. It gives detailed description of biocatalysts, substrates, reactors and synthesis methods, and discusses the use of MLM lipids in food products. The information provided in this review can be considered as the current state-of-the art for developing a future strategy for the synthesis of MLM structured lipids.

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Lipases at interfaces: a review.

Patricia P. Reis, K Holmberg, H. Watzke … (2015)

Lipases are acyl hydrolases that play a key role in fat digestion by cleaving long-chain triglycerides into polar lipids. Due to an opposite polarity between the enzyme (hydrophilic) and their substrates (lipophilic), lipase reaction occurs at the interface between the aqueous and the oil phases. Hence, interfaces are the key spots for lipase biocatalysis and an appropriate site for modulating lipolysis. Surprisingly enough, knowledge about the effects of the interfacial composition on lipase catalysis is still limited and only described by the term "interfacial quality". Recent systematic studies based on a biophysical approach allowed for the first time to show the effects of the interfacial microenvironment on lipase catalysis. These studies demonstrate that lipase activity as a function of interfacial composition is more attributed to substrate inaccessibility rather than to enzyme denaturation or inactivation, as it is often hypothesized. A detailed analysis of the interfacial properties of all compounds involved in triglyceride digestion revealed that lipolysis is a self-regulated reaction. This feedback mechanism can be explored as a new avenue to control lipase catalysis. To substantiate this hypothesis, oil hydrolysis in a model gastro-intestinal system was performed, which can be seen as an interfacial engineering approach to enzyme reactivity control. The presented characterization of the interfacial composition and its consequences provide a new approach for the understanding of lipase reactions at interfaces with direct impact on biotechnological and health care applications.

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Lipase catalysis in organic solvents: advantages and applications

Ashok Kumar, Kartik Dhar, Shamsher Singh Kanwar … (2016)

Lipases are industrial biocatalysts, which are involved in several novel reactions, occurring in aqueous medium as well as non-aqueous medium. Furthermore, they are well-known for their remarkable ability to carry out a wide variety of chemo-, regio- and enantio-selective transformations. Lipases have been gained attention worldwide by organic chemists due to their general ease of handling, broad substrate tolerance, high stability towards temperatures and solvents and convenient commercial availability. Most of the synthetic reactions on industrial scale are carried out in organic solvents because of the easy solubility of non-polar compounds. The effect of organic system on their stability and activity may determine the biocatalysis pace. Because of worldwide use of lipases, there is a need to understand the mechanisms behind the lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents. The unique interfacial activation of lipases has always fascinated enzymologists and recently, biophysicists and crystallographers have made progress in understanding the structure-function relationships of these enzymes. The present review describes the advantages of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents and various effects of organic solvents on their activity.

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Effects of stereospecific positioning of fatty acids in triacylglycerol structures in native and randomized fats: a review of their nutritional implications

Tilakavati Karupaiah, Kalyana Sundram (2007)

Most studies on lipid lowering diets have focused on the total content of saturated, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. However, the distribution of these fatty acids on the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecule and the molecular TAG species generated by this stereospecificity are characteristic for various native dietary TAGs. Fat randomization or interesterification is a process involving the positional redistribution of fatty acids, which leads to the generation of new TAG molecular species. A comparison between native and randomized TAGs is the subject of this review with regards to the role of stereospecificity of fatty acids in metabolic processing and effects on fasting lipids and postprandial lipemia. The positioning of unsaturated versus saturated fatty acids in the sn-2 position of TAGs indicate differences in early metabolic processing and postprandial clearance, which may explain modulatory effects on atherogenecity and thrombogenecity. Both human and animal studies are discussed with implications for human health.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Food Technol Biotechnol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Food Technol. Biotechnol

Journal ID (publisher-id): FTB

Title: Food Technology and Biotechnology

Publisher: University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology

ISSN (Print): 1330-9862

ISSN (Electronic): 1334-2606

Publication date (Print and electronic): September 2019

Publication date (Print): September 2019

Volume: 57

Issue: 3

Pages: 305-318

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia

[2 ]Southeast Asian Food and Agricultural Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Darmaga, 16680 Bogor, Indonesia

Author notes

[* ]Corresponding author: Phone: +622518629903, Fax: +622518629903, E-mail: phariyadi@ 123456apps.ipb.ac.id

Author information

Qabul Dinanta Utama https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5236-2930

Azis Boing Sitanggang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1378-5367

Dede Robiatul Adawiyah https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0586-7183

Purwiyatno Hariyadi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2106-7725

Article

Publisher ID: FTB-57-305

DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.03.19.6025

PMC ID: 6902296

SO-VID: d618c462-299b-4037-a759-34e026183f0a

License:

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) 4.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Lipase-Catalyzed Interesterification for the Synthesis of Medium-Long-Medium (MLM) Structured Lipids – A Review

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Most cited references 108

Lipases at interfaces: a review.

Lipase catalysis in organic solvents: advantages and applications

Effects of stereospecific positioning of fatty acids in triacylglycerol structures in native and randomized fats: a review of their nutritional implications

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