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      Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Critical Cells Driving Immune Suppression in the Tumor Microenvironment.

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          Abstract

          Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that suppress innate and adaptive immunity. MDSCs are present in many disease settings; however, in cancer, they are a major obstacle for both natural antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. Tumor and host cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) produce a myriad of pro-inflammatory mediators that activate MDSCs and drive their accumulation and suppressive activity. MDSCs utilize a variety of mechanisms to suppress T cell activation, induce other immune-suppressive cell populations, regulate inflammation in the TME, and promote the switching of the immune system to one that tolerates and enhances tumor growth. Because MDSCs are present in most cancer patients and are potent immune-suppressive cells, MDSCs have been the focus of intense research in recent years. This review describes the history and identification of MDSCs, the role of inflammation and intracellular signaling events governing MDSC accumulation and suppressive activity, immune-suppressive mechanisms utilized by MDSCs, and recent therapeutics that target MDSCs to enhance antitumor immunity.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Adv. Cancer Res.
          Advances in cancer research
          0065-230X
          0065-230X
          2015
          : 128
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
          [2 ] Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Electronic address: srosenbe@umbc.edu.
          Article
          S0065-230X(15)00030-5 NIHMS737706
          10.1016/bs.acr.2015.04.002
          4662416
          26216631
          d629fa3a-530d-4dd9-b602-53cd9dba19f5
          © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
          History

          Cytokines,Immature myeloid cells,Immunotherapy,Inflammation,Macrophages,Myeloid cell cross talk,STAT3,Tumor-induced immune suppression,Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,cEBPbeta

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