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      Composición lignocelulósica de Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl., P. leiophylla Schlecht. & Cham. y P. herrerae Martínez Translated title: Lignocellulosic composition of Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. Ex Schltdl., P. leiophylla Schlecht. & Cham.

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          Abstract

          Resumen: En el municipio Pueblo Nuevo, Durango se produce la cuarta parte de la producción maderable estatal y 89 % se basa en 12 especies de Pinus; sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre la composición química de la madera de los pinos que se aprovechan. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición lignocelulósica y los contenidos de cenizas, extractos en etanol-benceno y en etanol de la madera de Pinus ayacahuite, P. leiophyla y P. herrerae, de acuerdo con los procedimientos de las normas TAPPI y ASTM. Se tomaron muestras al azar de cinco a seis árboles por especie, con cinco repeticiones por árbol para cada prueba. Se efectuaron pruebas de normalidad y homogeneidad de varianzas de los datos obtenidos y una comparación múltiple de medias (Bonferroni, α = 0.05) con el programa SAS. Con excepción del contenido de cenizas, los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas entre especies (p < 0.05), para los valores promedio de los contenidos determinados. La madera de Pinus ayacahuite tiene altos contenidos de extractos en etanol-benceno y de lignina. La de P. herreae presenta valores menores, pero los de holocelulosa y celulosa son superiores. La madera de P. leiophylla tiene contenidos de holocelulosa, celulosa, hemicelulosas y cenizas más bajos. La lignina, hemicelulosas y celulosa de la madera de loss taxa estudiados apoya su uso como fuente de materia prima para la obtención de pulpa para papel y biocombustibles líquidos.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract: The municipality of Pueblo Nuevo, Durango, produces one fourth of the timber in the state, and 89 % of it is obtained from 12 pine species. However, there are no studies on the wood chemical composition of exploited pine trees. The aim of this study was to determine the lignocellulosic composition and the ash content, as well as the contents of extracts in ethanol-benzene and in ethanol, of Pinus ayacahuite, P. leiophylla and P. herrerae wood, according to the procedures of the TAPPI and ASTM standards. Random samples were taken from 5 to 6 trees per species, with 5 repetitions per tree per test. The collected data were subjected to normality and variance homogeneity tests and to a multiple comparison of means (Bonferroni, α = 0.05) using the SAS software. The results showed significant differences between species (p < 0.05) for the average values of the determined contents, with the exception of ash. Pinus ayacahuite wood has high contents of extracts in ethanol-benzene and lignin. P. herrerae wood has lower contents of extracts in ethanol-benzene and lignin, but higher contents of holocellulose and cellulose P. leiophylla wood has lower holocellulose, cellulose, hemicelluloses and ash. The contents of lignin, hemicelluloses and cellulose of the wood of these species support its use as a source of raw materials for obtaining pulp for paper and liquid biofuels.

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          Most cited references32

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          Hemicellulose bioconversion.

          Various agricultural residues, such as corn fiber, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse, contain about 20-40% hemicellulose, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature. The conversion of hemicellulose to fuels and chemicals is problematic. In this paper, various pretreatment options as well as enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is reviewed. Our research dealing with the pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of corn fiber and development of novel and improved enzymes such as endo-xylanase, beta-xylosidase, and alpha- l-arabinofuranosidase for hemicellulose bioconversion is described. The barriers, progress, and prospects of developing an environmentally benign bioprocess for large-scale conversion of hemicellulose to fuel ethanol, xylitol, 2,3-butanediol, and other value-added fermentation products are highlighted.
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            Lignin plays a negative role in the biochemical process for producing lignocellulosic biofuels.

            A biochemical platform holds the most promising route toward lignocellulosic biofuels, in which polysaccharides are hydrolyzed by cellulase enzymes into simple sugars and fermented to ethanol by microbes. However, these polysaccharides are cross-linked in the plant cell walls with the hydrophobic network of lignin that physically impedes enzymatic deconstruction. A thermochemical pretreatment process is often required to remove or delocalize lignin, which may also generate inhibitors that hamper enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. Here we review recent advances in understanding lignin structure in the plant cell walls and the negative roles of lignin in the processes of converting biomass to biofuels. Perspectives and future directions to improve the biomass conversion process are also discussed. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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              Power comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk , Kolmogorov-Smirnov , Lilliefors and Anderson-Darling tests

                Author and article information

                Journal
                remcf
                Revista mexicana de ciencias forestales
                Rev. mex. de cienc. forestales
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (México, Distrito Federal, Mexico )
                2007-1132
                April 2016
                : 7
                : 34
                : 47-56
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameINIFAP orgdiv1Centro de Investigación Regional Golfo Centro orgdiv2Campo Experimental San Martinito
                Article
                S2007-11322016000200047 S2007-1132(16)00703400047
                d62fb6ca-cc23-42d6-ae57-f4e557d14dfb

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 October 2015
                : 12 January 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                pine trees,lignin,extracts,chemical composition,cellulose,Ashes,pinos,lignina,extractos,composición química,celulosa,Cenizas

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