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      Epidemiology of HBV subgenotypes D.

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          Abstract

          The natural history of hepatitis B virus infection is not uniform and affected from several factors including, HBV genotype. Genotype D is a widely distributed genotype. Among genotype D, several subgenotypes differentiate epidemiologically and probably clinically. D1 is predominant in Middle East and North Africa, and characterized by early HBeAg seroconversion and low viral load. D2 is seen in Albania, Turkey, Brazil, western India, Lebanon, and Serbia. D3 was reported from Serbia, western India, and Indonesia. It is a predominant subgenotype in injection drug use-related acute HBV infections in Europe and Canada. D4 is relatively rare and reported from Haiti, Russia and Baltic region, Brazil, Kenya, Morocco and Rwanda. Subgenotype D5 seems to be common in Eastern India. D6 has been reported as a rare subgenotype from Indonesia, Kenya, Russia and Baltic region. D7 is the main genotype in Morocco and Tunisia. D8 and D9 are recently described subgenotypes and reported from Niger and India, respectively. Subgenotypes of genotype D may have clinical and/or viral differences. More subgenotype studies are required to conclude on subgenotype and its clinical/viral characteristics.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol
          Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology
          Elsevier BV
          2210-741X
          2210-7401
          Feb 2015
          : 39
          : 1
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Infectious Diseases Department, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey. Electronic address: rozaras@yahoo.com.
          [2 ] Infectious Diseases Department, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
          Article
          S2210-7401(14)00150-8
          10.1016/j.clinre.2014.06.005
          25037178
          d6410c3a-77b5-4b71-ae9e-05bb2e54c8bd
          History

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