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      Animal models for osteoporosis.

      1
      European journal of pharmacology
      Estrogen, Glucocorticoid, Osteocyte, Osteoporosis, Sympathetic nerve, Unloading

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          Abstract

          The major types of osteoporosis in humans are postmenopausal osteoporosis, disuse osteoporosis, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Animal models for postmenopausal osteoporosis are generated by ovariectomy. Bone loss occurs in estrogen deficiency due to enhanced bone resorption and impaired osteoblast function. Estrogen receptor α induces osteoclast apoptosis, but the mechanism for impaired osteoblast function remains to be clarified. Animal models for unloading are generated by tail suspension or hind limb immobilization by sciatic neurectomy, tenotomy, or using plaster cast. Unloading inhibits bone formation and enhances bone resorption, and the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in it needs to be further investigated. The osteocyte network regulates bone mass by responding to mechanical stress. Osteoblast-specific BCL2 transgenic mice, in which the osteocyte network is completely disrupted, can be a mouse model for the evaluation of osteocyte functions. Glucocorticoid treatment inhibits bone formation and enhances bone resorption, and markedly reduces cancellous bone in humans and large animals, but not consistently in rodents.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Eur. J. Pharmacol.
          European journal of pharmacology
          1879-0712
          0014-2999
          Jul 15 2015
          : 759
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Cell Biology, Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan. Electronic address: komorit@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.
          Article
          S0014-2999(15)00243-5
          10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.028
          25814262
          d648a095-445f-49b0-b0b7-12e71b29acaa
          Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          History

          Estrogen,Glucocorticoid,Osteocyte,Osteoporosis,Sympathetic nerve,Unloading

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