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      ESTUDIO CEFALOMÉTRICO EN NIÑOS DE 3 A 6 AÑOS CON OCLUSIÓN DENTAL CLASE I PROCEDENTES DE MEDELLÍN Translated title: A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY IN CHILDREN FROM MEDELLÍN AGED 3 TO 6 YEARS WITH CLASS I DENTAL OCCLUSION

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          Abstract

          INTRODUCCIÓN:los pocos estudios hechos con radiografía cefálica lateral digital en niños menores de 6 años, hace necesario investigar en dicho grupo etario. El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar las medidas cefalométricas promedio en niños de 3 a 6 años con oclusión dental clase I, residentes en el municipio de Medellín, estimando diferencias por edad, sexo, biotipo facial, peso y talla. MÉTODOS: se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en donde se tomó una radiografía cefálica lateral digital, a 99 niños de 3 a 6 años que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión para determinar promedios cefalométricos. RESULTADOS: entre 3 y 4 años existe mayor dimorfismo sexual, presentando las niñas maxilar y mandíbula más protrusivos, estas diferencias son menores a los 5 años, llegando a ser imperceptibles a los 6. El comportamiento de las variables por edad evidencia que las medidas longitudinales tienden a aumentar con la edad. Los niños dólico presentaron valores mayores en las medidas lineales en sentido anteroposterior, mientras que los lepto mostraron valores mayores en las medidas angulares en sentido vertical. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la relación peso y talla con las variables cefalométricas. CONCLUSIONES: el valor de las medidas lineales aumenta a medida que aumenta la edad, lo que justifica el uso de estándares específicos para cada edad. Esta investigación sugiere que existe dimorfismo sexual entre las variables cefalométricas, siendo más evidente a los 3 y 4 años. Los diferentes biotipos faciales exhiben características cefalométricas específicas.

          Translated abstract

          INTRODUCTION: the few available studies that have been done with digital lateral cephalic x-rays in children younger than 6 years makes it necessary to conduct research on this age group. The purpose of this study was to determine the average cephalometric measures in children from the municipality of Medellín aged 3 to 6 years with class I dental occlusion, by estimating differences by age, sex, facial biotype, weight and size. METHODS:this was a descriptive transversal study using digital lateral cephalic radiographs in 99 children aged 3 to 6 years who met the inclusion criteria in order to determine cephalometric averages. RESULTS: between the ages of 3 and 4 years there is more sexual dimorphism, with more protrusive maxilla and mandible in girls; these differences are lower at the age of 5, becoming undetectable at the age of 6. The behavior of variables by age show that longitudinal measures tend to increase with age. Dolichofacial kids showed higher values in the anterior-posterior direction of linear measures, while leptofacial kids showed higher values in the angular measures in the vertical direction. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of weight/height relationship with cephalometric variables. CONCLUSIONS: the value of linear measures rises as age increases, supporting the use of specific standards for each age. This study suggests that there is sexual dimorphism among cephalometric variables, being more evident at the ages of 3 and 4 years. The different facial biotypes show specific cephalometric features.

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          Most cited references31

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          The use of cephalometrics as an aid to planning and assessing orthodontic treatment

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            Resolución 8430 de 1993. Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud

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              Indication for and frequency of early orthodontic therapy or interceptive measures.

              The early treatment of nonskeletal and skeletal orthodontic anomalies in the deciduous and early mixed dentition is intended to prevent the development of pronounced anomalies in the late mixed and permanent dentition with the ultimate aim of reducing or even eliminating the need for later orthodontic treatment. There is a general consensus in the international literature that early therapy is indicated in cases of anterior and lateral crossbite and Class III malocclusion, and possibly for extreme forms of mandibular retrognathism (overjet > or =10 mm) and of open bite. However, evidence of the efficiency of early orthodontic measures is just as rare as studies providing serviceable information on the incidence of tooth malalignments and malocclusions in the deciduous and early mixed dentition, some of whose findings are in any case highly divergent. This makes it substantially more difficult to draw conclusions on the extent to which early orthodontic therapy may be indicated. In order to obtain information on the incidence of nonskeletal and skeletal orthodontic problems constituting a treatment need, 2326 first-year schoolchildren aged between 6 and 7 years were examined in Frankfurt am Main and in the Rural District of Offenbach. In only 14.7% of the children were no relevant orthodontic findings recorded. 77.2% displayed mild to severe dysgnathic symptoms, though without early orthodontic therapy being considered indicated. Treatment with orthodontic appliances was considered urgent for 187 of the children (8.04%). With 8.3% and 7.9% respectively, lateral and anterior crossbite were top of the list of anomalies with an urgent treatment need. Among the patients with lateral crossbite, the prognostically less favorable unilateral form was recorded approximately four times more often than the bilateral form. Markedly increased sagittal overjet > or =10 mm) was registered in only 1.4% of the children, and negative overjet (Class III) (with the exception of edge-to-edge bite) in 1.9%. Extreme anterior open bite > or =6 mm) was recorded in only two children (0.09%). In 19.6% of the children, a supporting zone was reduced in at least one quadrant, necessitating interceptive measures such as the insertion of a space maintainer or later orthodontic treatment (space opening or extraction therapy).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rfoua
                Revista Facultad de Odontología Universidad de Antioquia
                Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín )
                0121-246X
                June 2015
                : 26
                : 2
                : 217-260
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad de Antioquia
                [2 ] Universidad de Antioquia
                [3 ] Universidad de Antioquia
                [4 ] Universidad de Antioquia
                Article
                S0121-246X2015000100002
                d6805cf8-36c0-4c20-b52b-a565c6a0a55b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0121-246X&lng=en
                Categories
                DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

                Dentistry
                cephalometry,reference values,children,cross-sectional study,growth,cefalometría,valores de referencia,niños,estudio transversal,crecimiento

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