For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
22
views
88
references
 Top references
cited by
67
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
2 collections
    0
    shares
      138
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, parthenogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into consideration the strong genetic similarities of the 2003 epidemic SARS-CoV. Recent studies are investigating the repurposing of US FDA-approved drugs as there is no available vaccine yet with many attempts under clinical evaluation. Several antivirals, antimalarials and immunomodulators that have shown activity against SARS-CoV and Middle East coronavirus respiratory syndromes are being evaluated. In particular, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol, tocilizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of this pandemic and where we currently stand.

          Graphical abstract

          Related collections

          Most cited references88

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found

          Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China

          Dawei Wang, Bo Hu, Fangfang Zhu … (2020)
          In December 2019, novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, China. The number of cases has increased rapidly but information on the clinical characteristics of affected patients is limited.
          Article 0 comments Cited 10784 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found
            Is Open Access

            A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin

            Peng Zhou, Xing-Lou Yang, Xian-Guang Wang … (2020)
            Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) 18 years ago, a large number of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) have been discovered in their natural reservoir host, bats 1–4 . Previous studies have shown that some bat SARSr-CoVs have the potential to infect humans 5–7 . Here we report the identification and characterization of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans in Wuhan, China. The epidemic, which started on 12 December 2019, had caused 2,794 laboratory-confirmed infections including 80 deaths by 26 January 2020. Full-length genome sequences were obtained from five patients at an early stage of the outbreak. The sequences are almost identical and share 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV. Furthermore, we show that 2019-nCoV is 96% identical at the whole-genome level to a bat coronavirus. Pairwise protein sequence analysis of seven conserved non-structural proteins domains show that this virus belongs to the species of SARSr-CoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV virus isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. Notably, we confirmed that 2019-nCoV uses the same cell entry receptor—angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2)—as SARS-CoV.
            Article 0 comments Cited 10102 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor

              Markus Hoffmann, Hannah Kleine-Weber, Simon Schroeder … (2020)
              Summary The recent emergence of the novel, pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China and its rapid national and international spread pose a global health emergency. Cell entry of coronaviruses depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to cellular receptors and on S protein priming by host cell proteases. Unravelling which cellular factors are used by SARS-CoV-2 for entry might provide insights into viral transmission and reveal therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS-CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming. A TMPRSS2 inhibitor approved for clinical use blocked entry and might constitute a treatment option. Finally, we show that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized SARS-2-S-driven entry. Our results reveal important commonalities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection and identify a potential target for antiviral intervention.
              Article 0 comments Cited 9633 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Ther Deliv
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Ther Deliv
                Journal ID (publisher-id): TDE
                Title: Therapeutic Delivery
                Publisher: Newlands Press Ltd (London, UK )
                ISSN (Print): 2041-5990
                ISSN (Electronic): 2041-6008
                Publication date (Electronic, pub): 13 May 2020
                Publication date (Print, pub): April 2020
                Publication date PMC-release: 13 May 2020
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.4155/tde-2020-0035
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
                [2 ]Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
                [3 ]Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid-Jordan
                [4 ]Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
                [5 ]School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, UK
                Author notes
                [* ]Author for correspondence: m.tambuwala@ 123456ulster.ac.uk
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7507-1159
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8499-9891
                Article
                DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0035
                PMC ID: 7222554
                PubMed ID: 32397911
                SO-VID: d698645a-ddbe-48ab-8cc6-d50a33a3224d
                Copyright © © 2020 Newlands Press
                License:

                This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

                History
                Date received : 01 April 2020
                Date accepted : 22 April 2020
                Date: 12 May 2020
                Page count
                Pages: 24
                Categories
                Subject: Review

                Keywords: covid-19,infection,repurposed therapies,sars-cov-2,vaccine,viruses
                Data availability:
                Keywords: covid-19, infection, repurposed therapies, sars-cov-2, vaccine, viruses

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content138

                See all similar

                Cited by64

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors5,231

                See all reference authors