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      Efecto del AG4/7 y del anillado en el tronco sobre el crecimiento del brote en Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco Translated title: Effect of GA4/7 and stem girdling on shoot growth in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco

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          Abstract

          Para evaluar posibles efectos colaterales negativos de los tratamientos de inducción floral en individuos juveniles de Pseudotsuga menziesii sobre el desarrollo de la copa de los árboles, aquí se analizó el efecto del AG4/7 y del anillado en el tronco, así como el impacto de la formación de estróbilos femeninos, en el crecimiento de los brotes. Los tratamientos se aplicaron en dos ensayos con árboles de 10 a 13 años de edad establecidos en terreno a cielo abierto (Ensayos 1 y 2) y uno en árboles de cuatro años crecidos en maceta y vivero (Ensayo 3). Se utilizaron cuatro dosis de AG4/7 (0, 1.27, 2.55 y 5.10 mg cm-2 de área basal) inyectadas en el tronco del árbol, en combinación con el anillado del tronco (con y sin anillado). Durante el periodo de crecimiento se midió la longitud total de los brotes y se ajustó la curva de crecimiento promedio con el modelo de Schumacher. Se encontraron diferencias (P < 0.05) entre ensayos, así como entre los niveles de anillado y las dosis de AG4/7, en la longitud del brote, pero no se encontró un efecto significativo de las interacciones entre factores. En el Ensayo 1 el brote creció 30 % más que en los otros ensayos, pero en el Ensayo 2 inició primero el crecimiento y alcanzó una mayor tasa máxima de crecimiento; los árboles de menor edad del Ensayo 3 presentaron la menor longitud del brote. El anillado redujo en 9 % el crecimiento del brote y lo retrasó en 6 d con respecto a los árboles no anillados; en cambio, el AG4/7 aumentó en 12 % la longitud total del brote y aceleró su crecimiento. La formación de estróbilos femeninos ocasionó un retraso en el crecimiento del brote, pero no redujo su longitud total. El uso de AG4/7 en dosis de 1.27 mg cm-2 para inducir floración en árboles juveniles de P. menziesii no tiene efectos negativos sobre el crecimiento de los brotes; pero el uso repetido del anillado podría afectar negativamente el desarrollo y vigor de los árboles.

          Translated abstract

          To evaluate potential negative collateral effects of flower induction treatments applied to juvenile Pseudotsuga menziesii trees on crown development (GA4/7 application, stem girdling on shoot elongation, and the impact of female cones (strobili) induction on shoot elongation), were evaluated. Induction treatments were applied in two field trials with 10 to 13-years-old trees (Trials 1 and 2) and one pot trial in the nursery with 4-years-old trees (Trial 3). Four doses of GA4/7 (0, 1.27, 2.55 and 5.10 mg cm-2 basal area), applied by injection into the tree trunk, combined with stem girdling (with or without girdling) were evaluated. During the growing period the total length of shoots was measured and the average growth curve was adjusted using the Schumacher model. Differences in shoot length were found across trials as well as among GA4/7 doses and girdling levels, but no significant interactions between factors were detected. In Trial 1, shoots grew 30 % more than in the others, but in Trial 2 shoot growth started first and reached highest maximum growth rate; the youngest trees in Trial 3 showed the shortest shoot length. Stem girdling reduced shoot growth by 9 % and slowed it by 6 d, whereas GA4/7 increased 12 % the final shoot length and accelerated its growth. The induction of female cones caused a slight delay in the shoot growth curve, but final shoot length was not reduced. Use of GA4/7 in doses of 1.27 mg cm-2 to induce flowering in juvenile trees of P. menziesii did not have negative effects on shoot growth; however, repeated use of stem girdling could negatively affect tree growth and vigor.

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          Most cited references35

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          SAS: User´S guide: Statistics

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            A potential role for xylem-phloem interactions in the hydraulic architecture of trees: effects of phloem girdling on xylem hydraulic conductance.

            We investigated phloem-xylem interactions in Acer rubrum L. and Acer saccharum Marsh. Our experimental method allowed us to determine xylem conductance of an intact branch by measuring the flow rate of water supplied at two delivery pressures to the cut end of a small side branch. We found that removal of bark tissue (phloem girdling) upstream of the point at which deionized water was delivered to the branch resulted in a decrease (24% for A. rubrum and 15% for A. saccharum) in branch xylem hydraulic conductance. Declines in hydraulic conductance with girdling were accompanied by a decrease in the osmotic concentration of xylem sap. The decrease in xylem sap concentration following phloem girdling suggests that ion redistribution from the phloem was responsible for the observed decline in hydraulic conductance. When the same measurements were made on branches perfused with KCl solution (approximately 140 mOsm kg(-1)), phloem girdling had no effect on xylem hydraulic conductance. These results suggest a functional link between phloem and xylem hydraulic systems that is mediated by changes in the ionic content of the cell sap.
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              Differences in shoot growth patterns between juvenile and adult trees and their interpretation based on systems analysis of trees

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rfm
                Revista fitotecnia mexicana
                Rev. fitotec. mex
                Sociedad Mexicana de Fitogenética A.C. (Chapingo, Estado de México, Mexico )
                0187-7380
                September 2012
                : 35
                : 3
                : 239-249
                Affiliations
                [01] Texcoco Edo. de México orgnameColegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo orgdiv1Programa Forestal vargashj@ 123456colpos.mx
                Article
                S0187-73802012000300007 S0187-7380(12)03500300007
                d6b66339-c3e1-4173-a083-3f6c4c99aab2

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 June 2012
                : 08 June 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 30, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos científicos

                growth rate,Pseudotsuga menziesii,ácido giberélico (AG4/7),anillado,inducción floral,longitud de brote,tasa de crecimiento,gibberellic acid (GA4/7),stem girdling,flower induction,shoot length

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