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      Effects of a Mindfulness Intervention Comprising an App, Web-Based Workshops, and a Workbook on Perceived Stress Among Nurses and Nursing Trainees: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

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          Abstract

          Background

          Previous research has found digitally supported mindfulness interventions to be effective when used for stress management among workers in high-stress occupations. Findings on digitally supported mindfulness interventions among nurses working in acute inpatient care settings are heterogeneous, lack long-term follow-up, and do not assess adherence and acceptability.

          Objective

          This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and efficacy of a digitally supported mindfulness intervention designed to improve health- and work-related outcomes among nurses and nursing trainees working in acute inpatient care settings.

          Methods

          We will conduct a multicenter randomized controlled trial using a wait-list control group design. Randomization will be stratified by hospital and job status (nurse or nursing trainee). Recruitment will take place on the web and offline during the working hours of nurses and nursing trainees. The intervention group will receive a digitally supported mindfulness intervention, which will comprise an app, 2 web-based workshops, and a workbook, whereas the wait-list control group will be scheduled to receive the same intervention 14 weeks later. The 2 web-based workshops will be led by a certified mindfulness-based stress reduction trainer. Nurses will use the app and the workbook independently. Self-report web-based surveys will be conducted on the web at baseline, at 10 weeks after allocation, at 24 weeks after allocation, and at 38 weeks after allocation. Outcomes of interest will include perceived stress (primary outcome), health- and work-related variables, and variables related to adherence and acceptability of the digitally supported mindfulness intervention. We will perform intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses.

          Results

          Data collection will be completed by the beginning of August 2022. Data analyses will be completed by December 2022.

          Conclusions

          Our study design, including long-term follow-up and the investigation of variables related to adherence and acceptability, will ensure rigorous evaluation of effectiveness and efficacy. Relative to costly in-person intervention efforts, this program may present a cost-effective and potentially highly scalable alternative. Findings regarding effectiveness, efficacy, adherence, and acceptability will inform stakeholders’ decisions regarding the implementation of similar interventions to promote the well-being of nurses and nursing trainees, which may, in turn, alleviate detrimental stress-related outcomes (eg, burnout) because of work-related demands.

          Trial Registration

          German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00025997; https://tinyurl.com/433cas7u

          International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

          DERR1-10.2196/37195

          Related collections

          Most cited references57

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          CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials

          The CONSORT statement is used worldwide to improve the reporting of randomised controlled trials. Kenneth Schulz and colleagues describe the latest version, CONSORT 2010, which updates the reporting guideline based on new methodological evidence and accumulating experience. To encourage dissemination of the CONSORT 2010 Statement, this article is freely accessible on bmj.com and will also be published in the Lancet, Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, Open Medicine, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, BMC Medicine, and Trials.
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            A global measure of perceived stress.

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              Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness.

              The authors examine the facet structure of mindfulness using five recently developed mindfulness questionnaires. Two large samples of undergraduate students completed mindfulness questionnaires and measures of other constructs. Psychometric properties of the mindfulness questionnaires were examined, including internal consistency and convergent and discriminant relationships with other variables. Factor analyses of the combined pool of items from the mindfulness questionnaires suggested that collectively they contain five clear, interpretable facets of mindfulness. Hierarchical confirmatory factor analyses suggested that at least four of the identified factors are components of an overall mindfulness construct and that the factor structure of mindfulness may vary with meditation experience. Mindfulness facets were shown to be differentially correlated in expected ways with several other constructs and to have incremental validity in the prediction of psychological symptoms. Findings suggest that conceptualizing mindfulness as a multifaceted construct is helpful in understanding its components and its relationships with other variables.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                JMIR Res Protoc
                JMIR Res Protoc
                ResProt
                JMIR Research Protocols
                JMIR Publications (Toronto, Canada )
                1929-0748
                August 2022
                2 August 2022
                : 11
                : 8
                : e37195
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion (IGVF) Faculty of Health/School of Medicine Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
                [2 ] Interprofessional Graduate College in Integrative Medicine and Health Witten/Herdecke University Witten Germany
                Author notes
                Corresponding Author: Tobias Esch IGVF@ 123456uni-wh.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6324-0712
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-1179
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-5839
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1858-2489
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-0771
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-3077
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4549-9880
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5176-4367
                Article
                v11i8e37195
                10.2196/37195
                9382546
                35916708
                d6b7164a-bc37-4d06-9310-8512daca2d15
                ©Simone Schönfeld, Ines Rathmer, Maren M Michaelsen, Cosima Hoetger, Miriam Onescheit, Silke Lange, Lena Werdecker, Tobias Esch. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (https://www.researchprotocols.org), 02.08.2022.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Research Protocols, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://www.researchprotocols.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

                History
                : 18 February 2022
                : 2 May 2022
                : 23 May 2022
                : 24 May 2022
                Categories
                Protocol
                Protocol

                nurses,nursing trainee,nursing student,acute care,inpatient,health promotion,mindfulness,mobile,web-based,stress,mobile phone

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