Bronchiolitis obliterans and other late onset non-infectious pulmonary complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Pulmonary complications develop in 30-60% of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). The main, late onset, non-infectious complications include Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). BO and BOOP occur almost exclusively in allogeneic HSCT, and have 61% and 21% mortality rates, respectively. BOOP responds favorably to corticosteroids. IPS has less than 15% 1-year survival.