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      Efectos del ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza y de la restricción calórica, sobre la composición corporal de ratas obesas Translated title: Efeitos do exercício aeróbico intervalado combinado com o treinamento de Resistencia e restrição calórica, na composição de ratas obesas Translated title: Effects of aerobic interval exercise combined with resistance training and caloric restriction, on body composition in obese rats

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Investigar los efectos de un programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, y de la restricción calórica, sobre el peso y la composición corporal de ratas genéticamente obesas. Método: Un total de 32 ratas genéticamente obesas fueron divididas aleatoriamente en dos grupos (n = 16) con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza. A su vez, cada grupo, con o sin ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, fue dividido en dos grupos, con o sin restricción calórica, resultando cuatro grupos de intervención (n = 8). El programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza se llevó a cabo en una misma sesión de 60 min, cinco días por semana, durante dos meses. Los grupos con restricción calórica consumieron un 30% menos de alimento que los ad libitum. Se determinó el peso corporal y la masa de la carcasa mediante una balanza de precisión y la masa grasa, muscular y el agua corporal, mediante un analizador de composición corporal, basado en resonancia magnética nuclear, de diseño especial para ratas. Resultados: El peso corporal final fue menor en aquellos animales que realizaron restricción calórica frente a aquellos cuya alimentación fue ad libitum (p < 0.001). La masa grasa fue menor y la masa muscular mayor en aquellos animales que desarrollaron el ejercicio aeróbico interválico combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza, frente a los sedentarios (p < 0.001), sin diferencias atendiendo a la restricción calórica (p > 0.05). Hemos observado interacciones entrenamiento versus restricción calórica, en masa muscular y agua total. Los animales que incrementaron más su masa muscular y agua corporal, fueron los que combinaron el entrenamiento con la restricción calórica (ambos p < 0.01). Conclusiones: Tanto el programa de ejercicio aeróbico interválico, combinado con entrenamiento de fuerza desarrollado, como la restricción calórica, fueron eficaces, mejorando la composición corporal de ratas obesas, pero el ejercicio lo hizo en mayor magnitud.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento baseado no exercício aeróbico intervalado combinado com treinamento de resistência e restrição calórica sobre o peso corporal final e composição corporal de ratas geneticamente obesas. Método: Trinta e duas ratas obesas foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n = 16) divididos com ou sem exercício aeróbico intervalado, que por sua vez foram divididos em mais dois grupos (com ou sem restrição calórica), resultando em quatro grupos de intervenção (n = 8). O programa de exercício aeróbico intervalado foi realizado em uma sessão de 60 min, cinco dias por semana, durante dois meses. A ingestão de alimentos do grupo restrição calórica foi 30% menor que os ad libitum. O peso corporal total e a massa gorda foi mensurada mediante uma balança de precisão e a massa muscular e água corporal foram medidas utilizando a análise de composição corporal baseado na ressonância magnética nuclear especialmente concebido para ratos. Resultados: O peso corporal final foi menor nos animais que realizaram o restrição calórica frente aqueles cuja alimentação foi ad libitum (p < 0.001). A gordura corporal foi menor e a massa muscular maior naqueles animais que realizaram o exercício aeróbico intervalado frente aos sedentários (p < 0.001) sem diferenças em relação ao restrição calórica (todos p > 0.05). Interações do treinamento vs restrição calórica foram observadas na massa muscular e água corporal. O alto volume da massa muscular e água corporal foi observado nos animais que combinaram o protocolo restrição calórica (ambos p < 0.01). Conclusão: Ambos os programas de exercício aeróbico intervalado desenvolvidos com restrição calórica foram eficazes, melhorando a composição corporal de ratas obesas, entretanto o exercício o fez em maior magnitude.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: To investigate the effects of a training program based on aerobic interval exercise combined with resistance training and caloric restriction, on final body weight and body composition of genetically obese rats. Methods: Thirty-two genetically obese rats were randomly divided into two groups (n = 16) with or without aerobic interval exercise combined with resistance training. In turn, each group, with or without aerobic interval exercise combined with resistance training, was divided into two groups, with or without caloric restriction, resulting 4 intervention groups (n = 8). The training groups conducted an aerobic interval exercise combined with resistance training program in a 60 min session, five days/week for two months. Calorie-resticted groups consumed 30% less food than ad libitum groups. Body weight and carcass was determined with a precision balance and fat, muscle mass and body water was assessed using a body composition analyzer based in nuclear magnetic resonance, especially designed for rats. Results: Final body weight was lower in animals that followed the caloric restriction compared to those fed ad libitum (P < .001). Fat mass was lower and muscle mass higher in those animals that developed aerobic interval exercise combined with resistance training compared to the sedentary groups (P < .001) without differences attending to the caloric restriction (all P > .05). Interactions of caloric restriction versus training were observed on muscular mass and total body water. The highest value of muscle mass and body water was observed in those animals that combined the training protocol with the caloric restriction (both, P < .01). Conclusion: Both, the aerobic interval exercise program combined with resistance training program developed and caloric restriction enhanced body composition in obese rats, but exercise improved it further.

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          Most cited references25

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          The global epidemic of obesity: an overview.

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            American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults.

            Overweight and obesity affects more than 66% of the adult population and is associated with a variety of chronic diseases. Weight reduction reduces health risks associated with chronic diseases and is therefore encouraged by major health agencies. Guidelines of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) encourage a 10% reduction in weight, although considerable literature indicates reduction in health risk with 3% to 5% reduction in weight. Physical activity (PA) is recommended as a component of weight management for prevention of weight gain, for weight loss, and for prevention of weight regain after weight loss. In 2001, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) published a Position Stand that recommended a minimum of 150 min wk(-1) of moderate-intensity PA for overweight and obese adults to improve health; however, 200-300 min wk(-1) was recommended for long-term weight loss. More recent evidence has supported this recommendation and has indicated more PA may be necessary to prevent weight regain after weight loss. To this end, we have reexamined the evidence from 1999 to determine whether there is a level at which PA is effective for prevention of weight gain, for weight loss, and prevention of weight regain. Evidence supports moderate-intensity PA between 150 and 250 min wk(-1) to be effective to prevent weight gain. Moderate-intensity PA between 150 and 250 min wk(-1) will provide only modest weight loss. Greater amounts of PA (>250 min wk(-1)) have been associated with clinically significant weight loss. Moderate-intensity PA between 150 and 250 min wk(-1) will improve weight loss in studies that use moderate diet restriction but not severe diet restriction. Cross-sectional and prospective studies indicate that after weight loss, weight maintenance is improved with PA >250 min wk(-1). However, no evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials exists to judge the effectiveness of PA for prevention of weight regain after weight loss. Resistance training does not enhance weight loss but may increase fat-free mass and increase loss of fat mass and is associated with reductions in health risk. Existing evidence indicates that endurance PA or resistance training without weight loss improves health risk. There is inadequate evidence to determine whether PA prevents or attenuates detrimental changes in chronic disease risk during weight gain.
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              Reduction in obesity and related comorbid conditions after diet-induced weight loss or exercise-induced weight loss in men. A randomized, controlled trial.

              The independent effects of diet- or exercise-induced weight loss on the reduction of obesity and related comorbid conditions are not known. The effects of exercise without weight loss on fat distribution and other risk factors are also unclear. To determine the effects of equivalent diet- or exercise-induced weight loss and exercise without weight loss on subcutaneous fat, visceral fat skeletal muscle mass, and insulin sensitivity in obese men. Randomized, controlled trial. University research center. 52 obese men (mean body mass index [+/-SD], 31.3 +/- 2.0 kg/m2) with a mean waist circumference of 110.1 +/- 5.8 cm. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four study groups (diet-induced weight loss, exercise-induced weight loss, exercise without weight loss, and control) and were observed for 3 months. Change in total, subcutaneous, and visceral fat; skeletal muscle mass; cardiovascular fitness; glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Body weight decreased by 7.5 kg (8%) in both weight loss groups and did not change in the exercise without weight loss and control groups. Compared with controls, cardiovascular fitness (peak oxygen uptake) in the exercise groups improved by approximately 16% (P 0.2). However, these values were significantly greater than those in the control and exercise without weight loss groups (P < 0.001). Weight loss induced by increased daily physical activity without caloric restriction substantially reduces obesity (particularly abdominal obesity) and insulin resistance in men. Exercise without weight loss reduces abdominal fat and prevents further weight gain.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ramd
                Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte
                Rev Andal Med Deporte
                Centro Andaluz de Medicina del Deporte (Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain )
                1888-7546
                2172-5063
                2017
                : 10
                : 1
                : 3-8
                Affiliations
                [1] Granada Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Granada orgdiv1Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia orgdiv2Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos Spain
                Article
                S1888-75462017000100003 S1888-7546(17)01000100003
                10.1016/j.ramd.2015.04.006
                d6cb6342-e126-4022-8bde-0d71c80d754d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 April 2015
                : 04 December 2014
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Entrenamiento aeróbico interválico,Masa grasa,Adiposidade,Masa muscular,Massa gorda,Fat mass,Massa muscular,Adiposidad,Treinamento físico aeróbio,Adiposity,Muscle mass,Interval training

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