4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Private sector engagement and contributions to immunisation service delivery and coverage in Sudan

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          For more than two decades, the private sector in the Sudan (henceforth, Sudan), including non-governmental organisations and for-profit providers, has played a key role in delivering immunisation services, especially in the conflict-affected Darfur region and the most populated Khartoum state. The agreements that the providers enter into with state governments necessitate that they are licenced; follow the national immunisation policy and reporting and supervision requirements; use the vaccines supplied by government; and offer vaccinations free-of-charge. These private providers are well integrated into the states’ immunisation programmes as they take part in the Ministry of Health immunisation trainings and district review meetings and they are incorporated into annual district immunisation microplans. The purpose of this article is to describe the private sector contributions to equitable access to immunisation services and coverage, as well as key challenges, lessons learned and future considerations. Fifty-five per cent of private health facilities in Sudan (411 out of 752) provide immunisation services, with 75% (307 out of 411) based in Khartoum state and the Darfur region. In 2017, private providers administered around 16% of all third doses of pentavalent (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b) vaccines to children. Private health providers of immunisation services have especially been critical in filling the gaps in government services in hard-to-reach or conflict-affected areas and among marginalised populations, and thus in reducing inequities in access. Through its experience in engaging the private sector, Sudan has learned the importance of regulating and licencing private facilities and incorporating them into the immunisation programme’s decision-making, planning, regular evaluation and supervision system to ensure their compliance with immunisation guidelines and the overall quality of services. In moving forward, strategic engagement with the private sector will become more prominent as Sudan transitions out of donors’ financial assistance with its projected income growth.

          Related collections

          Most cited references5

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Role of the private sector in the provision of immunization services in low- and middle-income countries.

          The authors conducted a literature review on the role of the private sector in low- and middle-income countries. The review indicated that relatively few studies have researched the role of the private sector in immunization service delivery in these countries. The studies suggest that the private sector is playing different roles and functions according to economic development levels, the governance structure and the general presence of the private sector in the health sector. In some countries, generally low-income countries, the private for-profit sector is contributing to immunization service delivery and helping to improve access to traditional EPI vaccines. In other countries, particularly middle-income countries, the private for-profit sector often acts to facilitate early adoption of new vaccines and technologies before introduction and generalization by the public sector. The not-for-profit sector plays an important role in extending access to traditional EPI vaccines, particularly in low-income countries. Not-for-profit facilities are situated in rural as well as urban areas and are more likely to be coordinated with public services than the private for-profit sector. Although numerous studies on non-governmental organizations (NGOs) suggest that the extent of NGO provision of immunization services in low- and middle-income countries is substantial, the contribution of this sector is poorly documented, leading to a lack of recognition of its role at national and global levels. Studies on quality of immunization service provision at private health facilities suggest that it is sometimes inadequate and needs to be monitored. Although some articles on public-private collaboration exist, little was found on the extent to which governments are effectively interacting with and regulating the private sector. The review revealed many geographical and thematic gaps in the literature on the role and regulation of the private sector in the delivery of immunization services in low- and middle-income countries.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: not found
            • Article: not found

            Findings from a hepatitis B birth dose assessment in health facilities in the Philippines: Opportunities to engage the private sector

              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found
              Is Open Access

              Breaking the inertia in coverage: Mainstreaming under-utilized immunization strategies in the Middle East and North Africa region

                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                BMJ Glob Health
                BMJ Glob Health
                bmjgh
                bmjgh
                BMJ Global Health
                BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                2059-7908
                2019
                16 April 2019
                : 4
                : 2
                : e001414
                Affiliations
                [1 ] departmentDepartment of Maternal and Child Health , Republic of Sudan Federal Ministry of Health , Khartoum, Sudan
                [2 ] Independent Consultant , Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
                [3 ] departmentHealth & Nutrition Section , UNICEF Regional Office for the Middle East and North Africa , Amman, Jordan
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Nahad Sadr-Azodi; nsadrazodi@ 123456unicef.org
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9489-9971
                Article
                bmjgh-2019-001414
                10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001414
                6509592
                31139460
                d6ce5363-59ea-4240-9bdb-d081a2794f59
                © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

                This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

                History
                : 13 January 2019
                : 09 February 2019
                : 15 February 2019
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001125, GAVI Alliance;
                Categories
                Practice
                1506
                Custom metadata
                unlocked

                immunisation,vaccines,non-public and non-government,coverage and equity,middle east and north africa,please add "private sector" instead of just "private"

                Comments

                Comment on this article