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      Age-Related Changes in Nestin Immunoreactivity in the Rat Pituitary Gland

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          Abstract

          The pituitary gland undergoes important changes in cellular plasticity throughout life, consequently leading to hormonal output changes. The intermediate filament nestin plays a crucial role in cells that retain plasticity during development, aging and tumorigenesis. Here, we describe robust nestin immunoreactivity in glial-like cells of the intermediate lobe and in the vasculature of the developing, adult and aging pituitary gland. Additionally, we report a high incidence of spontaneous hyperplastic nodules in the anterior lobe of 24-month-old rats. In the nodules, nestin immunoreactivity is increased in blood vessels and in a few endocrine cells. We also found increased accumulation of nestin in hyperplastic glial-like cells of the intermediate lobe. This study suggests that nestin in the pituitary gland is implicated in age-related cellular plasticity.

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          CNS stem cells express a new class of intermediate filament protein.

          Urban Lendahl, Lyle Zimmerman, Ronald D.G. McKay (1990)
          Multipotential CNS stem cells receive and implement instructions governing differentiation to diverse neuronal and glial fates. Exploration of the mechanisms generating the many cell types of the brain depends crucially on markers identifying the stem cell state. We describe a gene whose expression distinguishes the stem cells from the more differentiated cells in the neural tube. This gene was named nestin because it is specifically expressed in neuroepithelial stem cells. The predicted amino acid sequence of the nestin gene product shows that nestin defines a distinct sixth class of intermediate filament protein. These observations extend a model in which transitions in intermediate filament gene expression reflect major steps in the pathway of neural differentiation.
          Article 0 comments Cited 470 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Pericyte loss and microaneurysm formation in PDGF-B-deficient mice.

            P Lindahl, B R Johansson, P Levéen … (1997)
            Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B-deficient mouse embryos were found to lack microvascular pericytes, which normally form part of the capillary wall, and they developed numerous capillary microaneurysms that ruptured at late gestation. Endothelial cells of the sprouting capillaries in the mutant mice appeared to be unable to attract PDGF-Rbeta-positive pericyte progenitor cells. Pericytes may contribute to the mechanical stability of the capillary wall. Comparisons made between PDGF null mouse phenotypes suggest a general role for PDGFs in the development of myofibroblasts.
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              Progenitor cells of the testosterone-producing Leydig cells revealed

              Michail Davidoff, Ralf Middendorff, Grigori Enikolopov … (2004)
              The cells responsible for production of the male sex hormone testosterone, the Leydig cells of the testis, are post-mitotic cells with neuroendocrine characteristics. Their origin during ontogeny and regeneration processes is still a matter of debate. Here, we show that cells of testicular blood vessels, namely vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes, are the progenitors of Leydig cells. Resembling stem cells of the nervous system, the Leydig cell progenitors are characterized by the expression of nestin. Using an in vivo model to induce and monitor the synchronized generation of a completely new Leydig cell population in adult rats, we demonstrate specific proliferation of vascular progenitors and their subsequent transdifferentiation into steroidogenic Leydig cells which, in addition, rapidly acquire neuronal and glial properties. These findings, shown to be representative also for ontogenetic Leydig cell formation and for the human testis, provide further evidence that cellular components of blood vessels can act as progenitor cells for organogenesis and repair.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): NEN
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Neuroendocrinology
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Title: Neuroendocrinology
                Publisher: S. Karger AG
                ISSN (Print): 0028-3835
                ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0194
                Publication date Subscription-year: 2009
                Publication date (Print): July 2009
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 May 2009
                Volume: 90
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 19-30
                Affiliations
                Psychoneuroimmunologie, Nutrition et Génétique, INRA UMR 1286, CNRS UMR 5226, Université Bordeaux-2, Bordeaux, France
                Article
                Publisher ID: 220994 Other ID: Neuroendocrinology 2009;90:19–30
                DOI: 10.1159/000220994
                PubMed ID: 19468198
                SO-VID: d6d6ef38-f0ec-48b5-a1e6-fcee641783cf
                Copyright © © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Date received : 04 August 2008
                Date accepted : 30 December 2008
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, References: 52, Pages: 12
                Categories
                Subject: Pituitary and Hypothalamus

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Plasticity,Hyperplasia,Endothelium,Aging,Immunohistochemistry
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Endocrinology & Diabetes, Neurology, Nutrition & Dietetics, Sexual medicine, Internal medicine, Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: Plasticity, Hyperplasia, Endothelium, Aging, Immunohistochemistry

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