Bronchial reactivity in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing haemodialysis.

Abstract

We hypothesized that patients with chronic renal failure may present nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity due to subclinical interstitial lung oedema. To assess lung function disturbances and methacholine (MTH) bronchial responsiveness in this condition, we studied 12 patients (9 men and 3 women; 41.8 +/- 13.3 yrs (SD] with chronic renal failure undergoing regular haemodialysis (HD). Before HD, mean results of conventional lung function tests were within the normal range: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 89 +/- 12.9% predicted; forced mid-expiratory flow (FEF25-75), 81 +/- 36.7% predicted; total lung capacity (TLC), 94 +/- 14.6% predicted, but 3 subjects presented mild reduction in lung volumes and 5 individuals showed mild obstructive ventilatory impairment. After HD, maximal expiratory flow rates increased significantly (FEV1, + 8.2 +/- 5.1% (p less than 0.005); FEF25-75, +26.2 +/- 25.9% (p less than 0.005]. Interestingly, these increases in FEV1 after HD correlated with body weight loss during HD (r = 0.74, p less than 0.01). In contrast, pre-HD bronchial reactivity was within the normal range (mean % change in FEV1 after MTH, -3.7 +/- 4.5%; range, +1- -14%) without significant changes in methacholine bronchial responsiveness after HD. We speculate that interstitial lung oedema may play a significant role in lung function impairment observed in patients with chronic renal failure. This study shows that nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity is not present in clinically stable patients with this disorder.