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      Porous scaffold design for tissue engineering.

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      Nature materials
      Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          Abstract

          A paradigm shift is taking place in medicine from using synthetic implants and tissue grafts to a tissue engineering approach that uses degradable porous material scaffolds integrated with biological cells or molecules to regenerate tissues. This new paradigm requires scaffolds that balance temporary mechanical function with mass transport to aid biological delivery and tissue regeneration. Little is known quantitatively about this balance as early scaffolds were not fabricated with precise porous architecture. Recent advances in both computational topology design (CTD) and solid free-form fabrication (SFF) have made it possible to create scaffolds with controlled architecture. This paper reviews the integration of CTD with SFF to build designer tissue-engineering scaffolds. It also details the mechanical properties and tissue regeneration achieved using designer scaffolds. Finally, future directions are suggested for using designer scaffolds with in vivo experimentation to optimize tissue-engineering treatments, and coupling designer scaffolds with cell printing to create designer material/biofactor hybrids.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Nat Mater
          Nature materials
          Springer Science and Business Media LLC
          1476-1122
          1476-1122
          Jul 2005
          : 4
          : 7
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Scaffold Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 41809, USA. scottho@umich.edu
          Article
          nmat1421
          10.1038/nmat1421
          16003400
          d71ee3b7-2514-4867-bfb9-9da2958ff59f
          History

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