Conocimientos de los padres sobre la salud bucal de niños preescolares: desarrollo y validación de un instrumento  <span class="so-article-trans-title" dir="auto"> Translated title: Parental knowledges of preschool children’s oral health: development and validation of the instrument </span>

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Abstract

Objetivo: Validar un instrumento para medir los conocimientos sobre salud bucal en madres y padres de niños que asisten a Instituciones Educativas Iniciales en zonas urbano marginales de la provincia de Lima en el año 2012. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, descriptivo y transversal. La principal técnica de recolección de datos fue la encuesta, mediante un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: La obtención de la validez de contenido se obtuvo mediante la prueba estadística V de Aiken, la reproducibilidad, fue calculada con el CCI en una muestra de 30 madres y/o padres de familia, para la validez de constructo se analizaron las respuestas del cuestionario de 312 padres y/o madres de familia con el análisis factorial. Finalmente, se evaluó la confiabilidad de los resultados obtenidos con la prueba estadística Alfa de Cronbach. Dentro de los resultados se pudo observar que se obtuvo una validez de contenido de 0.95, reproducibilidad de 0.89, validez de constructo el resultado menor de 0.36 en el ítem de amamantamiento nocturno y el más elevado 0.77 en el ítem de lactancia materna y finalmente la confiabilidad de 0.64. Conclusión: El instrumento es seguro y confiable en la medición de los conocimientos sobre salud bucal en los padres de familia de niños que asisten al nivel inicial.

Translated abstract

Objetives: Validate an instrument to measure the knowledge on mouth health in parents of children who go at Institutions Educational Initial in zones urbano marginales of the province of Lima in the year 2012. Methods: Type of study was observacional, descriptive and transverse, the compilation of information was the survey, by means of a structured questionnaire. Results: Proceeded to the obtaining of the validity of content by means of the statistical test V de Aiken, there was evaluated the reproducibility, which was calculated by the CCI in a sample of 30 parents, for the validity of constructo there were analyzed the answers of the questionnaire of 312 parents and / or family mothers by the analysis factorial. Finally, there was evaluated the reliability of the results obtained with the statistical Test of Cronbach’s Alpha. Inside the results we could observe that validity obtained a validity of content of 0.95, reproducibilidad of 0.89, of constructo the minor result of 0.36 in the article and highest of night nursing 0.77 in the article of mother lactation and finally the Reliability of 0.64. Conclusion: The instrument is safe and reliable in measuring oral health knowledge in parents of children attending the initial level.

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Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children.

Mina Carvalho, Jenny Abanto, Marcia Wanderley … (2011)

The presence of oral diseases and disorders can produce an impact on the quality of life of preschool children and their parents, affecting their oral health and well-being. However, socioeconomic factors could confound this association, but it has not been yet tested at this age. To assess the impact of early childhood caries (ECC), traumatic dental injuries (TDI) and malocclusions on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between 2 and 5 years of age adjusted by socioeconomic factors. Parents of 260 children answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) (six domains) on their perception of the children's OHRQoL and socioeconomic conditions. Two calibrated dentists (κ>0.8) examined the severity of ECC according to dmft index, and children were categorized into: 0=caries free; 1-5=low severity; ≥6=high severity. TDI and malocclusions were examined according to Andreasen & Andreasen (1994) classification and for the presence or absence of three anterior malocclusion traits (AMT), respectively. OHRQoL was measured through ECOHIS domain and total scores, and poisson regression was used to associate the different factors with the outcome. In each domain and overall ECOHIS scores, the severity of ECC showed a negative impact on OHRQoL (P 0.05). The increase in the child's age, higher household crowding, lower family income and mother working out of home were significantly associated with OHRQoL (P<0.05). The multivariate adjusted model showed that the high severity of ECC (RR=3.81; 95% CI=2.66, 5.46; P<0.001) was associated with greater negative impact on OHRQoL, while high family income was a protective factor for OHRQoL (RR=0.93; 95% CI=0.87, 0.99; P<0.001). The severity of ECC and a lower family income had a negative impact on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

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Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children.

A. Sheiham (2006)

The effect of a relatively common chronic disease, severe dental caries, affects young childrens' growth and well-being. Treating dental caries in pre-school children would increase growth rates and the quality of life of millions of children. Severe untreated dental caries is common in pre-school children in many countries. Children with severe caries weighed less than controls, and after treatment of decayed teeth there was more rapid weight gain and improvements in their quality of life. This may be due to dietary intake improving because pain affected the quantity and variety of food eaten, and second, chronic inflammation from caries related pulpitis and abscesses is known to suppress growth through a metabolic pathway and to reduce haemoglobin as a result of depressed erythrocyte production.