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      Síndrome de West,experiencia con una serie de casos con acceso al tratamiento de primera línea, en Lima Translated title: West Syndrome, experience in a case series with access to first line medication, in Lima

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          Abstract

          Objetivos: Describirlas características clínicas de una serie de pacientes con Síndrome de West(SW) con acceso a la medicación de primera línea. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, de niños con SW que fueron atendidos entre 1996 y2014. Resultados: Se incluyeron 37 casos, con una promedio de inicio de espasmos de 6,4 meses, con predominio del sexo masculino (75,7%), la mayoría procedentes de Lima. La etiología más frecuente fue secundaria (83,8%),como prenatales, malformaciones cerebrales, Esclerosis Tuberosa, Síndrome de Down y causas perinatales. El SW fue controlado en 67,6% de los casos; Vigabatrina o ACTH fueron efectivas en 20/32 (62,5%). Dos pacientes fueron controlados con levetiracetam, uno con topiramato, uno con lamotrigina, y uno con cirugía. El patrón electroencefalográfico de hipsarritmia fue predominante 24/37 (64,9%). La comorbilidad neurológica fue muy frecuente (97.3%) y fue degrado leve sólo en 7/37 (18,9%). Dos pacientes fallecieron. Conclusiones: En esta serie el SW fue de causa secundaria y se controló eficientemente con vigabatrina o ACTH, por tanto, se recomienda incluir estos medicamentos en el petitorio nacional.

          Translated abstract

          Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of a seriesof patients with West Syndrome (WS) with access to first line medication. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational study of children treated between 1996 and 2014. Results: 37 cases were included, with an average starting age of 6.4 months, predominantly males (75.7%), the majority was from Lima. The most common etiology was secondary (83.8%), as prenatal, brain malformations, Tuberous Sclerosis, Down syndrome and perinatal causes. The WS was controlled in 67.6% of the cases; Vigabatrinand ACTH were effective in 20/32 (62.5%). Two patients were controlled with Levetiracetam, one with Topitamate, one with Lamotrigine and one with surgery. Hypsarrhythmia was the predominant electroencephalographic pattern 23/37 (64.9%). Neurologic comorbidities were very frequent (97.3%) and they were mild only in 7/37 (18.9%). Two patients passed away. Conclusions: In this series, the WS had a secondary cause and was efficiently controlled with Vigabatrin or ACTH, therefore, we recommend their inclusion in the national request

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          Evidence-based guideline update: medical treatment of infantile spasms. Report of the Guideline Development Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society.

          To update the 2004 American Academy of Neurology/Child Neurology Society practice parameter on treatment of infantile spasms in children. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from 2002 to 2011 and searches of reference lists of retrieved articles were performed. Sixty-eight articles were selected for detailed review; 26 were included in the analysis. RECOMMENDATIONS were based on a 4-tiered classification scheme combining pre-2002 evidence and more recent evidence. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether other forms of corticosteroids are as effective as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) for short-term treatment of infantile spasms. However, low-dose ACTH is probably as effective as high-dose ACTH. ACTH is more effective than vigabatrin (VGB) for short-term treatment of children with infantile spasms (excluding those with tuberous sclerosis complex). There is insufficient evidence to show that other agents and combination therapy are effective for short-term treatment of infantile spasms. Short lag time to treatment leads to better long-term developmental outcome. Successful short-term treatment of cryptogenic infantile spasms with ACTH or prednisolone leads to better long-term developmental outcome than treatment with VGB. Low-dose ACTH should be considered for treatment of infantile spasms. ACTH or VGB may be useful for short-term treatment of infantile spasms, with ACTH considered preferentially over VGB. Hormonal therapy (ACTH or prednisolone) may be considered for use in preference to VGB in infants with cryptogenic infantile spasms, to possibly improve developmental outcome. A shorter lag time to treatment of infantile spasms with either hormonal therapy or VGB possibly improves long-term developmental outcomes.
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            Practice parameter: medical treatment of infantile spasms: report of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society.

            To determine the current best practice for treatment of infantile spasms in children. Database searches of MEDLINE from 1966 and EMBASE from 1980 and searches of reference lists of retrieved articles were performed. Inclusion criteria were the documented presence of infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. Outcome measures included complete cessation of spasms, resolution of hypsarrhythmia, relapse rate, developmental outcome, and presence or absence of epilepsy or an epileptiform EEG. One hundred fifty-nine articles were selected for detailed review. Recommendations were based on a four-tiered classification scheme. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is probably effective for the short-term treatment of infantile spasms, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend the optimum dosage and duration of treatment. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether oral corticosteroids are effective. Vigabatrin is possibly effective for the short-term treatment of infantile spasm and is possibly also effective for children with tuberous sclerosis. Concerns about retinal toxicity suggest that serial ophthalmologic screening is required in patients on vigabatrin; however, the data are insufficient to make recommendations regarding the frequency or type of screening. There is insufficient evidence to recommend any other treatment of infantile spasms. There is insufficient evidence to conclude that successful treatment of infantile spasms improves the long-term prognosis. ACTH is probably an effective agent in the short-term treatment of infantile spasms. Vigabatrin is possibly effective.
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              Clinical profile and treatment of infantile spasms using vigabatrin and ACTH - a developing country perspective

              Background Infantile spasms represent a serious epileptic syndrome that occurs in the early infantile age. ACTH and Vigabatrin are actively investigated drugs in its treatment. This study describes the comparison of their efficacy in a large series of patients with infantile spasms from Pakistan. Methods All patients with infantile spasms who presented to Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January, 2006 to April, 2008 were included in this study. Inclusion criteria were clinical symptoms of infantile spasms, hypsarrythmia or modified hyparrythmia on electroencephalography, at least six months of follow-up period and receipt of any of the two drugs mentioned above. The type of drug distribution was random according to the availability, cost and ease of administration. Results Fifty six cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. 62.5% were males. Mean age at onset of seizures was 5 ± 1.4 months. Fifty two (92.8%) patients demonstrated hypsarrythmia on electroencephalography. 64.3% cases were identified as symptomatic while 19.6% were cryptogenic and 16.1% were idiopathic. Eighteen patients received ACTH while 38 patients received Vigabatrin as first line therapy. Initial response to first line therapy was similar (50% for ACTH and 55.3% for Vigabatrin). Overall, the symptomatic and idiopathic groups responded better to Vigabatrin. The relapse rate was higher for ACTH as compared to Vigabatrin (55.5% vs. 33.3%) when considering the first line therapy. Four patients evolved to Lennox-Gastaut variant; all of these patients had initially received Vigabatrin and then ACTH. Conclusion Vigabatrin and ACTH showed no significant difference in the initial treatment of infantile spasms. However, patients receiving ACTH were 1.2 times more likely to relapse as compared to the patients receiving Vigabatrin when considering monotherapy. We suggest that Vigabatrin should be the initial drug of choice in patients presenting with infantile spasms. However, larger studies from developing countries are required to validate the therapeutic trends observed in this study.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rnp
                Revista de Neuro-Psiquiatría
                Rev Neuropsiquiatr
                Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Facultad de Medicina (Lima, , Peru )
                0034-8597
                April 2015
                : 78
                : 2
                : 65-72
                Affiliations
                [01] Lima orgnameUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Alberto Hurtado Perú
                Article
                S0034-85972015000200002 S0034-8597(15)07800200002
                d7abbca3-4a78-486b-82a3-cdf7f19585c1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 June 2015
                : 15 May 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 8
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                SciELO Peru

                Self URI: Texto completo solamente en formato PDF (ES)
                Categories
                Artículos originales

                ACTH,vigabatrine,epilepsy,children,West syndrome,Perú,levetiracetam,vigabatrina,epilepsia,niños,Síndrome de West,Peru

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