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      Hemorragia digestiva y prescripción potencialmente inadecuada de aines en mayores de 65 años Translated title: Gastrointestinal bleeding and potentially inappropriate medication by NSAIDs

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: Los Antiinflamatorios No Esteroideos (AINE) son un grupo de medicamentos con uso muy extendido en la población, su uso genera un mayor riesgo de hemorragia digestiva. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar y comparar la prescripción potencialmente inadecuada (PPI) de AINE según los criterios de Beers en su versión original con su adaptación española y la relación de esta PPI con los eventos de sangrado gastrointestinal. Métodos: Estudio observacional longitudinal retrospectivo de 12 meses (año 2012) realizado en un área de salud de la Región de Murcia. La población estudiada fue los mayores de 65 años a los que se les había prescrito, al menos, 1 receta médica de AINE durante el periodo de estudio (7.856). Se utilizaron ambas versiones de los criterios de Beers para evaluar la PPI por AINE. Para evaluar el papel etiológico de la exposición a AINE potencialmente inadecuados, respecto a haber recibido AINE, en la hemorragia gastrointestinal se calculó la incidencia acumulada y el Riesgo Relativo. Resultados: La detección de PPI por AINE pasó de 5,6% con la versión original, a 7,0% (Δ=25,5%; p<0,001) En los sujetos con prescripción de AINE la exposición a PPI por AINE presentó una mayor incidencia de sangrado gastrointestinal pero sin diferencias significativas respecto a la población que recibió AINE (RR=1,6; IC:0,2-14,5). Conclusiones: El uso de la adaptación española de los criterios de Beers posibilita una mayor detección de PPI por AINE en comparación con el uso de la versión original, en ambas versiones, la PPI por AINE no genera un incremento significativo en el sangrado gastrointestinal respecto a recibir AINE.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used but they increase the risk of gastrointestinal haemorrage among other adverse effects. The objective of this study was to compare potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) by NSAIDs using the original Beers Criteria, a global reference for evaluating elderly people’s prescriptions, and the Spanish adaptation of the same; and the relation between PIM of NSAIDs and gastrointestinal bleeding. Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study carried out located in a primary care district in the province of de Murcia, south-eastern Spain. The study population (n=7.856) were citizens aged 65 and above, with at least one drug prescribed in a Spanish health district during the study period . We analized illnesses and treatments registered in the primary care’s electronic medical history of patients and hospital admissions, during the 12 month study period (2012). The original Beers Criteria and their Spanish adaptation were used to evaluate PIM of NSAIDs in patients considering the medication globally and also each active substance. Gastrointestinal bleeding events recorded in the data bases studied were evaluated. Results: Detection of PIM of NSAIDs was 5,6% with the original version and 7,0% (Δ=25,5%; p<0,001) with the adapted one. PIM of NSAIDs was related with an increased incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding without significant differences between PIM exposed and NSAID exposed patients AINE (RR=1,6; IC:0,2-14,5). Conclusions: The Spanish adaptation of the Beers criteria identified a greater degree of PIM of NSAIDs than the original version, and in both versions the detection of PIM was not related with a significant increase of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to patients exposed to NSAIDs.

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          American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults.

          (2015)
          The 2015 American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria are presented. Like the 2012 AGS Beers Criteria, they include lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in older adults. New to the criteria are lists of select drugs that should be avoided or have their dose adjusted based on the individual's kidney function and select drug-drug interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults. The specific aim was to have a 13-member interdisciplinary panel of experts in geriatric care and pharmacotherapy update the 2012 AGS Beers Criteria using a modified Delphi method to systematically review and grade the evidence and reach a consensus on each existing and new criterion. The process followed an evidence-based approach using Institute of Medicine standards. The 2015 AGS Beers Criteria are applicable to all older adults with the exclusion of those in palliative and hospice care. Careful application of the criteria by health professionals, consumers, payors, and health systems should lead to closer monitoring of drug use in older adults.
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            Potentially inappropriate medications in the elderly: the PRISCUS list.

            Certain drugs are classified as potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) for the elderly because they carry an increased risk of adverse drug events in this patient group. PIM lists from other countries are of limited usefulness in Germany because different drugs are on the market in each country and prescribing practices vary as well. Thus, a list of potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly was developed specifically for use in Germany. A preliminary PIM list suitable for the German market was created on the basis of a selective literature search and a qualitative analysis of published international PIM lists. The final German PIM list was developed by means of a comprehensive, structured expert survey in two rounds (a so-called Delphi process). 83 drugs in a total of 18 drug classes were rated as potentially inappropriate for elderly patients. For 46 drugs, the experts came to no clear decision after the second Delphi round. For cases in which the administration of a PIM is clinically necessary, the final PRISCUS list contains recommendations for clinical practice, e.g. monitoring of laboratory values and dose adaptation. Therapeutic alternatives are also listed. Potentially inappropriate medications carry the risk of causing adverse drug events in the elderly. A drawback of using a Delphi process to generate a PIM list, as was done for the new German list, is that little scientific evidence is currently available for the evaluation of active substances, potential therapeutic alternatives, and indicated monitoring procedures. Thus, the validity and practicability of the PRISCUS list remain to be demonstrated (and the same holds for PIM lists already published in other countries). It should be used as a component of an overall concept for geriatric pharmacotherapy in which polypharmacy and interacting medications are avoided, and doses are regularly re-evaluated.
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              STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Person's Prescriptions) and START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right Treatment). Consensus validation.

              Older people experience more concurrent illnesses, are prescribed more medications and suffer more adverse drug events than younger people. Many drugs predispose older people to adverse events such as falls and cognitive impairment, thus increasing morbidity and health resource utilization. At the same time, older people are often denied potentially beneficial, clinically indicated medications without a valid reason. We aimed to validate a new screening tool of older persons' prescriptions incorporating criteria for potentially inappropriate drugs called STOPP (Screening Tool of Older Persons' Prescriptions) and criteria for potentially appropriate, indicated drugs called START (Screening Tool to Alert doctors to Right, i.e. appropriate, indicated Treatment). A Delphi consensus technique was used to establish the content validity of STOPP/START. An 18-member expert panel from academic centers in Ireland and the United Kingdom completed two rounds of the Delphi process by mail survey. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by determining the kappa-statistic for measure of agreement on 100 data-sets. STOPP is comprised of 65 clinically significant criteria for potentially inappropriate prescribing in older people. Each criterion is accompanied by a concise explanation as to why the prescribing practice is potentially inappropriate. START consists of 22 evidence-based prescribing indicators for commonly encountered diseases in older people. Inter-rater reliability is favorable with a kappa-coefficient of 0.75 for STOPP and 0.68 for START. STOPP/START is a valid, reliable and comprehensive screening tool that enables the prescribing physician to appraise an older patient's prescription drugs in the context of his/her concurrent diagnoses.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2018
                : 92
                : e201805020
                Affiliations
                [3] Murcia orgnameHospital Morales Meseguer orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria España
                [4] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Área de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Grupo de Investigación de Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (IMIB-Arrixaca) Spain
                [2] Murcia orgnameServicio Murciano de Salud orgdiv1Dirección General Asistencia Sanitaria orgdiv2Subdirección General de Tecnologías de la Información España
                [1] Murcia orgnameServicio Murciano de Salud orgdiv1Dirección General Asistencia Sanitaria orgdiv2Servicio de Gestión Farmacéutica España
                Article
                S1135-57272018000100405 S1135-5727(18)09200000405
                d7afb06b-575a-455d-bc0e-c6fca28a4eba

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 April 2017
                : 10 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 27, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health


                Hemorragia gastrointestinal,Farmacoepidemiología,Atención primaria,Polifarmacia,Prescripción inadecuada,Antiinflamatorios no esteroideos,Ancianos,Criterios de Beers,Gastrointestinal hemorrhage,Pharmacoepidemiology,Primary health care,Polypharmacy,Inappropriate prescription,NSAID,Elderly,Beers Criteria

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