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      Marine algal flora of São Miguel Island, Azores

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          Abstract

          Background

          The macroalgal flora of the Island of São Miguel (eastern group of the Azores Archipelago) has attracted the interest of many researchers in the past, the first publications going back to the nineteenth century. Initial studies were mainly taxonomic, resulting in the publication of a checklist of the Azorean benthic marine algae. Later, the establishment of the University of the Azores on the Island permitted the logistic conditions to develop both temporal studies and long-term research and this resulted in a significant increase on research directed at the benthic marine algae and littoral communities of the Island and consequent publications.

          Prior to the present paper, the known macroalgal flora of São Miguel Island comprised around 260 species. Despite this richness, a significant amount of the research was never made public, notably Masters and PhD theses encompassing information regarding presence data recorded at littoral and sublittoral levels down to a depth of approximately 40 m around the Island and the many collections made, which resulted in vouchers deposited in the AZB Herbarium Ruy Telles Palhinha and the LSM- Molecular Systematics Laboratory at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the University of the Azores.

          The present publication lists the macroalgal taxonomic records, together with information on their ecology and occurrence around São Miguel Island, improving the knowledge of the Azorean macroalgal flora at local and regional scales.

          New information

          A total of 12,781 specimens (including some identified only to genus) belonging to 431 taxa of macroalgae are registered, comprising 284 Rhodophyta , 59 Chlorophyta and 88 Ochrophyta ( Phaeophyceae ). Of these, 323 were identified to species level (212 Rhodophyta , 48 Chlorophyta and 63 Ochrophyta ), of which 61 are new records for the Island (42 Rhodophyta , 9 Chlorophyta and 10 Ochrophyta ), one an Azorean endemic ( Predaea feldmannii subsp. azorica Gabriel), five are Macaronesian endemisms (the red algae Botryocladia macaronesica Afonso-Carrillo, Sobrino, Tittley & Neto, Laurencia viridis Gil-Rodríguez & Haroun, Millerella tinerfensis (Seoane-Camba) S.M.Boo & J.M.Rico, Phyllophora gelidioides P.Crouan & H.Crouan ex Karsakoff and the green alga Codium elisabethiae O.C.Schmidt), 19 are introduced species (15 Rhodophyta , two Chlorophyta and two Ochrophyta ) and 32 are of uncertain status (21 Rhodophyta , five Chlorophyta and six Ochrophyta ).

          Related collections

          Most cited references78

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          Seven Shortfalls that Beset Large-Scale Knowledge of Biodiversity

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            The seven impediments in invertebrate conservation and how to overcome them

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Biodivers Data J
                Biodivers Data J
                1
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:F9B2E808-C883-5F47-B276-6D62129E4FF4
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:245B00E9-BFE5-4B4F-B76E-15C30BA74C02
                Biodiversity Data Journal
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-2836
                1314-2828
                2021
                16 April 2021
                : 9
                : e64969
                Affiliations
                [1 ] cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores Portugal
                [2 ] Lane Community College, 4000 East 30th Ave., Eugene, Oregon, United States of America Lane Community College 4000 East 30th Ave., Eugene, Oregon United States of America
                [3 ] Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras, Carretera al Sur Km. 5.5, colonia el Mezquitito, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23080, Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, Departamento Académico de Ciencias Marinas y Costeras Carretera al Sur Km. 5.5, colonia el Mezquitito, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23080 Mexico
                [4 ] MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI), Edif. Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 2, Caminho da Penteada, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI) Edif. Madeira Tecnopolo, Piso 2, Caminho da Penteada, Funchal, Madeira Portugal
                [5 ] CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Pólo dos Açores, Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores Portugal
                [6 ] Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre (SINRC), Gardvegi 1, Suðurnesjabær, Iceland Southwest Iceland Nature Research Centre (SINRC) Gardvegi 1, Suðurnesjabær Iceland
                [7 ] N/A, N/A, Portugal N/A N/A Portugal
                [8 ] Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal, Portugal Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade dos Açores 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal Portugal
                [9 ] IMAR/Okeanos, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Rua Prof. Doutor Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Açores, Portugal IMAR/Okeanos, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores Rua Prof. Doutor Frederico Machado, 9901-862 Horta, Açores Portugal
                [10 ] Expolab - Ciência Viva Science Centre, Avenida da Ciência - Beta, n.º 8, Lagoa, São Miguel, Açores, Portugal Expolab - Ciência Viva Science Centre Avenida da Ciência - Beta, n.º 8, Lagoa, São Miguel, Açores Portugal
                [11 ] 10CCMMG (Centro do Clima Meteorologia e Mudanças Globais) & IITA-A (Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente), Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Rua Capitão João d’Ávlia – Pico da Urze, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal 10CCMMG (Centro do Clima Meteorologia e Mudanças Globais) & IITA-A (Instituto de Investigação e Tecnologias Agrárias e do Ambiente), Universidade dos Açores, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Rua Capitão João d’Ávlia – Pico da Urze, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores Portugal
                [12 ] Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, Acc. Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona, Spain Centre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC Acc. Cala Sant Francesc 14, 17300 Blanes, Girona Spain
                [13 ] Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Eastney, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, United Kingdom Institute of Marine Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth Eastney, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY United Kingdom
                [14 ] Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, Code SW7 5BD, United Kingdom Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, Code SW7 5BD United Kingdom
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Ana I Azevedo Neto ( ana.im.neto@ 123456uac.pt ).

                Academic editor: Paulo Borges

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0708-5636
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9683-4955
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-927X
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8543-6510
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4658-5692
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2573-1371
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3743-9063
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5368-2664
                Article
                64969 15785
                10.3897/BDJ.9.e64969
                8065013
                d7bc4a9b-6ef1-4ae3-a347-7090754d9536
                Ana I Azevedo Neto, Ignacio Moreu, Edgar F. Rosas Alquicira, Karla León-Cisneros, Eva Cacabelos, Andrea Z Botelho, Joana Micael, Ana C Costa, Raul M. A. Neto, José M. N. Azevedo, Sandra Monteiro, Roberto Resendes, Pedro Afonso, Afonso C. L. Prestes, Rita F. Patarra, Nuno V. Álvaro, David Milla-Figueras, Enric Ballesteros, Robert L. Fletcher, William Farnham, Ian Tittley, Manuela I. Parente

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 24 February 2021
                : 17 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 15, Tables: 4, References: 76
                Funding
                This work is financed by the ERDF (85%) and by regional funds (15%), through the Operational Programme Azores 2020, within the scope of the project “ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072”.
                Categories
                Data Paper (Biosciences)
                Plantae
                Chromista
                Aquatic biology
                Biodiversity & Conservation
                Europe

                macroalgae,azores,são miguel island,new records,endemism,native,uncertain,introduced,occurrence data,ecology

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