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      Cinnamaldehyde modulates LPS-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome through TRPA1-dependent and independent mechanisms.

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          Abstract

          Cinnamaldehyde is a natural essential oil suggested to possess anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties; and to activate transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels expressed on neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Here, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of cinnamaldehyde in an in vivo model of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) induced by lipopolysaccharide. Swiss mice received a single oral treatment with cinnamaldehyde 1 h before LPS injection. To investigate whether cinnamaldehyde effects are dependent on TRPA1 activation, animals were treated subcutaneously with the selective TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031 5 min prior to cinnamaldehyde administration. Vehicle-treated mice were used as controls. Cinnamaldehyde ameliorated SIRS severity in LPS-injected animals. Diminished numbers of circulating mononuclear cells and increased numbers of peritoneal mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell numbers were also observed. Cinnamaldehyde augmented the number of peritoneal Ly6C(high) and Ly6C(low) monocyte/macrophage cells in LPS-injected mice. Reduced levels of nitric oxide, plasma TNFα and plasma and peritoneal IL-10 were also detected. Additionally, IL-1β levels were increased in the same animals. TRPA1 antagonism by HC-030031 reversed the changes in the number of circulating and peritoneal leukocytes in cinnamaldehyde-treated animals, whilst increasing the levels of peritoneal IL-10 and reducing peritoneal IL-1β. Overall, cinnamaldehyde modulates SIRS through TRPA1-dependent and independent mechanisms.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Int. Immunopharmacol.
          International immunopharmacology
          1878-1705
          1567-5769
          May 2016
          : 34
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
          [2 ] Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
          [3 ] Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
          [4 ] Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil.
          [5 ] Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
          [6 ] Programa de Pós-Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Electronic address: elizabeth.soares@ceuma.br.
          Article
          S1567-5769(16)30047-9
          10.1016/j.intimp.2016.02.012
          26922677
          d7cd3778-dc35-496e-aa9a-c6d8fb1530a4
          Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
          History

          Cinnamaldehyde,Sepsis,Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS),TRPA1

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