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      Eventos adversos a insulina en ancianos de UCI y prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos Translated title: Adverse insulin events in elderly ICU patients and inappropriate medication prescription

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          Abstract

          Resumen El tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 en el anciano representa un importante reto tanto desde el punto de vista clínico como del de la salud pública. La prescripción inapropiada es aquella donde los medicamentos prescriptos no manifiestan claros beneficios frente a los riesgos habiendo alternativas más seguras y disponibles. Objetivo: Este estudio se propone como objetivo medir la tasa de eventos adversos a insulina en ancianos diabéticos tipo II hospitalizados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos y analizar la prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos con los criterios de Beers 2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo. Resultados: Se estudiaron 308 pacientes. El número de eventos de hipo e hiperglucemias asociadas a insulina fue de 36 (11,7%), de los cuales: 20 fueron hiperglucemias y 16 fueron hipoglucemias. Los pacientes con estos eventos han sido 30 (9,7%), de los cuales 18 han presentado criterios Beers positivos (60%). En el total de la población, 21 pacientes, es decir el 6,8% presentó criterios Beers. Conclusiones: La proporción de pacientes ancianos con eventos adversos a insulina en esta muestra de pacientes ha sido del orden del 9,7% y en un 60% han presentado criterios Beers positivos de prescripción inapropiada.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The treatment of type 2 diabetes in the elderly represents a major challenge from both a clinical and public health point of view. Inappropriate prescription is one where the prescribed drugs do not show clear benefits versus risks, with safer and more available alternatives. Objective: The objective of this study is to measure the rate of adverse events to insulin in type II diabetic elderly hospitalized in an intensive care unit and to analyze inappropriate prescription of drugs with the Beers 2015 criteria. Materials and methods: Prospective observational study. Results: 308 patients were studied. The number of events of hypo and hypergly[1]cemia associated with insulin was 36 (11.7%), of which: 20 were hyperglycemic and 16 were hypoglycemic. There were 30 patients with these events (9.7%), of which 18 had positive Beers criteria (60%). In the total population, 21 patients, that is, 6.8% presented Beers criteria. Conclusions: The proportion of elderly patients with adverse events to insulin in this sample of patients has been of the order of 9.7% and 60% have presented positive Beers criteria of inappropriate prescription.

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          A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation

          The objective of this study was to develop a prospectively applicable method for classifying comorbid conditions which might alter the risk of mortality for use in longitudinal studies. A weighted index that takes into account the number and the seriousness of comorbid disease was developed in a cohort of 559 medical patients. The 1-yr mortality rates for the different scores were: "0", 12% (181); "1-2", 26% (225); "3-4", 52% (71); and "greater than or equal to 5", 85% (82). The index was tested for its ability to predict risk of death from comorbid disease in the second cohort of 685 patients during a 10-yr follow-up. The percent of patients who died of comorbid disease for the different scores were: "0", 8% (588); "1", 25% (54); "2", 48% (25); "greater than or equal to 3", 59% (18). With each increased level of the comorbidity index, there were stepwise increases in the cumulative mortality attributable to comorbid disease (log rank chi 2 = 165; p less than 0.0001). In this longer follow-up, age was also a predictor of mortality (p less than 0.001). The new index performed similarly to a previous system devised by Kaplan and Feinstein. The method of classifying comorbidity provides a simple, readily applicable and valid method of estimating risk of death from comorbid disease for use in longitudinal studies. Further work in larger populations is still required to refine the approach because the number of patients with any given condition in this study was relatively small.
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            American Geriatrics Society 2015 Updated Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults.

            (2015)
            The 2015 American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Beers Criteria are presented. Like the 2012 AGS Beers Criteria, they include lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in older adults. New to the criteria are lists of select drugs that should be avoided or have their dose adjusted based on the individual's kidney function and select drug-drug interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults. The specific aim was to have a 13-member interdisciplinary panel of experts in geriatric care and pharmacotherapy update the 2012 AGS Beers Criteria using a modified Delphi method to systematically review and grade the evidence and reach a consensus on each existing and new criterion. The process followed an evidence-based approach using Institute of Medicine standards. The 2015 AGS Beers Criteria are applicable to all older adults with the exclusion of those in palliative and hospice care. Careful application of the criteria by health professionals, consumers, payors, and health systems should lead to closer monitoring of drug use in older adults.
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              Potentially inappropriate medications and functional decline in elderly hospitalized patients.

              To verify whether the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) is associated with loss of independence in elderly in-patients by promoting adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Prospective observational study. Five hundred six patients aged 65 and older admitted to 11 acute care medical wards. In-hospital loss of one or more activities of daily living (ADLs) and three or more ADLs. PIMs were identified according to diagnosis-independent Beers criteria and ascertained by study physicians based on daily review of medical and nurse records. The relationship between risk factors and outcomes was assessed using logistic regression. Overall, 104 patients (20.6%) were taking at least one PIM at the time of admission (baseline users), and 49 (9.7%) were newly prescribed at least one PIM during their hospital stay. The loss of one or more ADLs occurred in 9.6% of baseline users, 16.3% of new users, and 8.5% of nonusers (P=.21) and that of three or more ADLs in 7.7% of baseline users, 12.2% of new users, and 4.8% of nonusers (P=.10). The lack of association was confirmed after correction for potential confounders, including ADRs. The occurrence of ADRs was strongly associated with both outcomes (odds ratio (OR)=7.80, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.53-17.3 for the loss of > or =1 ADLs; OR=3.98, 95% CI=1.50-10.5 for the loss of > or =3 ADLs), but PIMs caused only six of 106 ADRs. ADRs to any drugs more than the use of PIMs might be associated with functional decline in elderly hospitalized patients, but because the power of this study was too limited to definitively exclude a direct relationship between PIMs and functional decline, this merits further investigation.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                September 2022
                : 32
                : 3
                : 245-248
                Affiliations
                [1] Buenos Aires Buenos Aires orgnameUniversidad de Buenos Aires orgdiv1Departamento de Calidad y Seguridad del paciente Argentina fajreldinesa@ 123456gmail.com
                [2] Buenos Aires orgnameHospital Universitario Austral orgdiv1Departamento de Calidad y Seguridad del Paciente. Dirección Médica Argentina
                [3] Buenos Aires orgnameHospital Universitario Austral orgdiv1Servicio de Farmacia Argentina
                Article
                S1699-714X2022000300006 S1699-714X(22)03200300006
                10.4321/s1699-714x2022000300006
                d7d3dd3f-a57c-44b7-972a-326a86959f8a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 December 2020
                : 12 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 4
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                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                inappropriate prescription,adverse events,elderly,Insulin,prescripción inapropiada,eventos adversos,ancianos,Insulina

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