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      Biompresión 3D de piel Translated title: 3D skin bioprinting

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          Abstract

          Resumen La impresión 3D es un proceso que convierte gráficos 3D en objetos tridimensionales de manera similar a imprimir en 2D sobre un papel. Se imprime en 3D un trozo de piel de diferentes tipos de células humanas cultivadas in vitro o células epidérmicas incorporadas en un solo paso, utilizando una impresora 3D en la que la tinta biológica está compuesta por células vivas en suspensión en un líquido y preparado en un cartucho, siendo expulsada mediante flujo continuo. Esta sustancia contiene diferentes tipos de células: fibroblastos, queratinocitos y melanocitos que constituyen la epidermis. La bioimpresión 3D de piel facilita la fabricación de un modelo de piel humana más compleja que incorpora estructuras secundarias y anexiales para lograr un avance en nuestra comprensión de la piel humana como un órgano, lo que permite la bioingeniería de injertos en el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades de la piel, así como en el paciente quemado.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract 3D printing is a process that converts 3D graphics dimensional objects similarly 2D printing on paper. 3D is printed on a piece of skin of different types of cultured human cells in vitro using a 3D printer that biological ink are composed of living cells in suspension in a liquid and made into a cartridge; it is expelled by a laser. This substance contains different types of cells: fibroblasts, keratinocytes and melanocytes which constitute the epidermis. 3D printing skin facilitates manufacture of a more complex model incorporating secondary human skin and anexal structures to achieve a breakthrough in our understanding of human skin as an organ, allowing the graft engineering in treatment of various skin diseases and burn patients.

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          Most cited references7

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          Multi-layered culture of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes through three-dimensional freeform fabrication.

          We present a method to create multi-layered engineered tissue composites consisting of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes which mimic skin layers. Three-dimensional (3D) freeform fabrication (FF) technique, based on direct cell dispensing, was implemented using a robotic platform that prints collagen hydrogel precursor, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. A printed layer of cell-containing collagen was crosslinked by coating the layer with nebulized aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The process was repeated in layer-by-layer fashion on a planar tissue culture dish, resulting in two distinct cell layers of inner fibroblasts and outer keratinocytes. In order to demonstrate the ability to print and culture multi-layered cell-hydrogel composites on a non-planar surface for potential applications including skin wound repair, the technique was tested on a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold with 3D surface contours as a target substrate. Highly viable proliferation of each cell layer was observed on both planar and non-planar surfaces. Our results suggest that organotypic skin tissue culture is feasible using on-demand cell printing technique with future potential application in creating skin grafts tailored for wound shape or artificial tissue assay for disease modeling and drug testing.
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            Tissue Engineering Applications of Three-Dimensional Bioprinting.

            Recent advances in tissue engineering have adapted the additive manufacturing technology, also known as three-dimensional printing, which is used in several industrial applications, for the fabrication of bioscaffolds and viable tissue and/or organs to overcome the limitations of other in vitro conventional methods. 3D bioprinting technology has gained enormous attention as it enabled 3D printing of a multitude of biocompatible materials, different types of cells and other supporting growth factors into complex functional living tissues in a 3D format. A major advantage of this technology is its ability for simultaneously 3D printing various cell types in defined spatial locations, which makes this technology applicable to regenerative medicine to meet the need for suitable for transplantation suitable organs and tissues. 3D bioprinting is yet to successfully overcome the many challenges related to building 3D structures that closely resemble native organs and tissues, which are complex structures with defined microarchitecture and a variety of cell types in a confined area. An integrated approach with a combination of technologies from the fields of engineering, biomaterials science, cell biology, physics, and medicine is required to address these complexities. Meeting this challenge is being made possible by directing the 3D bioprinting to manufacture biomimetic-shaped 3D structures, using organ/tissue images, obtained from magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography, and employing computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies. Applications of 3D bioprinting include the generation of multilayered skin, bone, vascular grafts, heart valves, etc. The current 3D bioprinting technologies need to be improved with respect to the mechanical strength and integrity in the manufactured constructs as the presently used biomaterials are not of optimal viscosity. A better understanding of the tissue/organ microenvironment, which consists of multiple types of cells, is imperative for successful 3D bioprinting.
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              On-demand three-dimensional freeform fabrication of multi-layered hydrogel scaffold with fluidic channels.

              One of the challenges in tissue engineering is to provide adequate supplies of oxygen and nutrients to cells within the engineered tissue construct. Soft-lithographic techniques have allowed the generation of hydrogel scaffolds containing a network of fluidic channels, but at the cost of complicated and often time-consuming manufacturing steps. We report a three-dimensional (3D) direct printing technique to construct hydrogel scaffolds containing fluidic channels. Cells can also be printed on to and embedded in the scaffold with this technique. Collagen hydrogel precursor was printed and subsequently crosslinked via nebulized sodium bicarbonate solution. A heated gelatin solution, which served as a sacrificial element for the fluidic channels, was printed between the collagen layers. The process was repeated layer-by-layer to form a 3D hydrogel block. The printed hydrogel block was heated to 37 degrees C, which allowed the gelatin to be selectively liquefied and drained, generating a hollow channel within the collagen scaffold. The dermal fibroblasts grown in a scaffold containing fluidic channels showed significantly elevated cell viability compared to the ones without any channels. The on-demand capability to print fluidic channel structures and cells in a 3D hydrogel scaffold offers flexibility in generating perfusable 3D artificial tissue composites.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                2020
                : 46
                : suppl 1
                : 85-90
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de San Martin orgdiv1Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología Argentina
                [3] orgnameUniversidad del Salvador Argentina
                [1] orgnameFundación Benaim orgdiv1Hospital Alemán orgdiv2Centro de Excelencia para la Asistencia en Quemaduras Argentina
                Article
                S0376-78922020000200085 S0376-7892(20)04600000085
                10.4321/s0376-78922020000200014
                d7f110a2-9fa9-455d-b271-95da27bc7c44

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 February 2020
                : 02 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 9, Pages: 6
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Quemados

                Skin printing,Tissue Bioengineering,Bioimpresión,Impresión piel,Bioprinting,Tridimensional printing,Bioingeniería tisular,Impresión tridimesional

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