Rujeko Mashingaidze:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-1292
Role: Writing – review & editing
Zoe Moodie:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8701-2001
Role: Writing – review & editing
Mary Allen: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing –
review & editing
Linda-Gail Bekker: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
Doug Grove: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Nicole Grunenberg: Role: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Yunda Huang: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Holly E. Janes: Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing –
review & editing
Erica Maxine Lazarus:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4965-0624
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing –
review & editing
Mookho Malahleha: Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
Maphoshane Nchabeleng:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4385-8915
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
Fatima Laher:
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-9951
Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole:
Writing – review & editing
Siyan Yi: Role: Editor
Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLOS Glob Public Health
Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
Title:
PLOS Global Public Health
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
(San Francisco, CA USA
)
ISSN
(Electronic):
2767-3375
Publication date
(Electronic):
5
April
2023
Publication date Collection: 2023
Volume: 3
Issue: 4
Electronic Location Identifier: e0001782
Affiliations
[1
]
Faculty of Health Sciences, Perinatal HIV Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand,
Diepkloof, Soweto, South Africa
[2
]
Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington,
United States of America
[3
]
Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National
Institutes of Health, Vaccine Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
of America
[4
]
Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
[5
]
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center (SCHARP, HVTN), Seattle, WA, United States of America
[6
]
Synergy Biomed Research Institute, East London, South Africa
[7
]
Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University/NHLS, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
National University of Singapore, SINGAPORE
Author notes
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Author information
Article
Publisher ID:
PGPH-D-22-00629
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001782
PMC ID: 10075439
PubMed ID: 37018240
SO-VID: d8248693-1b76-402d-9b66-24b5c86369b8
Copyright © © 2023 Mashingaidze et al
License:
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided
the original author and source are credited.
The authors received no specific funding for this work.
Subject:
Research Article
Subject:
People and Places
Subject:
Population Groupings
Subject:
Sexuality Groupings
Subject:
Men WHO Have Sex with Men
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Urology
Subject:
Genitourinary Infections
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Bacterial Diseases
Subject:
Treponematoses
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Tropical Diseases
Subject:
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Subject:
Treponematoses
Subject:
Syphilis
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Medical Conditions
Subject:
Infectious Diseases
Subject:
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Digestive System
Subject:
Gastrointestinal Tract
Subject:
Rectum
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Anatomy
Subject:
Digestive System
Subject:
Gastrointestinal Tract
Subject:
Rectum
Subject:
Social Sciences
Subject:
Sociology
Subject:
Education
Subject:
Schools
Subject:
People and places
Subject:
Geographical locations
Subject:
Africa
Subject:
South Africa
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Epidemiology
Subject:
Medical Risk Factors
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Immunodeficiency Viruses
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and life sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
RNA viruses
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Microbiology
Subject:
Medical Microbiology
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Medicine and Health Sciences
Subject:
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Subject:
Pathogens
Subject:
Microbial Pathogens
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
Subject:
Biology and Life Sciences
Subject:
Organisms
Subject:
Viruses
Subject:
Viral Pathogens
Subject:
Retroviruses
Subject:
Lentivirus
Subject:
HIV
