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      Evolução da disfagia em um caso de síndrome MELAS: o olhar dos cuidados paliativos Translated title: Dysphagia progression in a MELAS syndrome case: a palliative care perspective

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Este artigo teve por objetivo descrever a progressão da disfagia e a decisão pela via de alimentação em um caso de síndrome MELAS, sob o olhar dos cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de um caso do sexo feminino, que, por volta dos 26 anos de idade sofreu os primeiros sintomas da doença e teve sua função de deglutição progressivamente impactada. Foi realizado acompanhamento fonoaudiológico durante seis meses, com aplicação do protocolo de Avaliação da Segurança da Deglutição, da Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) e gerenciamento da deglutição, com retornos ambulatoriais semanais e mensais. Em seis meses de seguimento, a paciente evoluiu de disfagia moderada a disfagia moderada a grave e variou entre os níveis 5 e 1 da FOIS. Manteve a alimentação por via oral, com restrição de consistências, manobra de deglutições múltiplas e controle de volume para ingestão de líquido, até que, ao final dos seis meses de seguimento, foi realizada gastrostomia. A alimentação por via oral em mais de uma consistência, porém com compensações, foi reduzida a uma alimentação exclusiva por via alternativa, ao longo do acompanhamento fonoaudiológico. Optou-se por manter a via oral de alimentação até a colocação da gastrostomia. A não sugestão de sonda nasoenteral se embasou no respeito à vontade da paciente e na possibilidade de alimentar-se, minimamente, de uma consistência por via oral.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This article aims to describe a dysphagia progression and a choice of the feeding options in a case of MELAS syndrome, under the perspective of palliative care. It is a case in which a woman at the age of 26 years suffered the first symptoms of the disease and had the swallowing functionality progressively impacted. Speech-Language Therapy follow-up was performed at 6 months with the application of a swallowing safety assessment protocol, Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) and swallowing management, with weekly and monthly outpatient returns. At six months of follow-up, the patient progressed from moderate dysphagia to moderate to severe dysphagia and ranged from levels 5 to 1 of FOIS. The patient maintained oral feeding with consistency restriction, dry swallowing maneuver, and control of volume for liquid intake until the end of the six months of follow-up, when gastrostomy was made. Oral feeding in more than one consistency but with compensations was reduced to exclusive non-oral feeding. We chose to maintain oral feeding until the gastrostomy was placed. Non-suggestion of nasoenteral tube was based on the patient’s desire and the possibility of oral feeding in at least one food consistency.

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          Most cited references8

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          Natural history of MELAS associated with mitochondrial DNA m.3243A>G genotype.

          To describe the natural history of clinical and laboratory features associated with the m.3243A>G mitochondrial DNA point mutation. Natural history data are needed to obtain prognostic information and for clinical trial planning. We included 85 matrilineal relatives from 35 families with at least 2 visits in this prospective cohort study. Thirty-one were fully symptomatic with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS), and 54 were carrier relatives. Evaluations included standardized questionnaires (medical history and daily living functioning), physical examination, neuropsychological testing, and a battery of imaging and laboratory tests. We evaluated changes in clinical and laboratory features over time and survival. Outcomes are reported over a follow-up period of up to 10.6 years (mean 3.8 ± 2.2 years for patients and 5.5 ± 3.0 for carrier relatives). Neurologic examination, neuropsychological testing, and daily living scores significantly declined in all patients with MELAS, whereas no significant deterioration occurred in carrier relatives. Cerebral MRI scores declined significantly in patients with MELAS. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy estimates of lactate in the lateral ventricles increased over time, and high lactate was associated with increased mortality. Symptom onset in childhood often was associated with worse outcome. Patients with MELAS had a greater death rate than carrier relatives. Patients with MELAS carrying the m.3243A>G mutation show a measurable decline in clinical and imaging outcomes. It is hoped that these data will be helpful in anticipating the disease course and in planning clinical trials for MELAS.
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            Rethinking the role of tube feeding in patients with advanced dementia.

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              Melas syndrome: clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, and treatment options

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acr
                Audiology - Communication Research
                Audiol., Commun. Res.
                Academia Brasileira de Audiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2317-6431
                December 2018
                : 23
                : 0
                : e1910
                Affiliations
                [01] Florianópolis Santa Catarina orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Catarina orgdiv1Departamento de Fonoaudiologia Brazil
                Article
                S2317-64312018000100600
                10.1590/2317-6431-2017-1910
                d82862b4-1b08-4c08-a139-d7567218ba3a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 July 2017
                : 27 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relato de Caso

                Palliative care,Dysphagia,Brain diseases,Stroke,Tube feeding,Mitochondrial diseases,Cuidados paliativos,Disfagia,Encefalopatias,Acidente vascular encefálico,Alimentação por sonda,Doenças mitocondriais

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