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      Fibroblast Growth Factors: Biology, Function, and Application for Tissue Regeneration

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          Abstract

          Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) that signal through FGF receptors (FGFRs) regulate a broad spectrum of biological functions, including cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and differentiation. The FGF signal pathways are the RAS/MAP kinase pathway, PI3 kinase/AKT pathway, and PLC γ pathway, among which the RAS/MAP kinase pathway is known to be predominant. Several studies have recently implicated the in vitro biological functions of FGFs for tissue regeneration. However, to obtain optimal outcomes in vivo, it is important to enhance the half-life of FGFs and their biological stability. Future applications of FGFs are expected when the biological functions of FGFs are potentiated through the appropriate use of delivery systems and scaffolds. This review will introduce the biology and cellular functions of FGFs and deal with the biomaterials based delivery systems and their current applications for the regeneration of tissues, including skin, blood vessel, muscle, adipose, tendon/ligament, cartilage, bone, tooth, and nerve tissues.

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          Most cited references150

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          Hydrogels for tissue engineering.

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            Tissue engineering.

            The loss or failure of an organ or tissue is one of the most frequent, devastating, and costly problems in human health care. A new field, tissue engineering, applies the principles of biology and engineering to the development of functional substitutes for damaged tissue. This article discusses the foundations and challenges of this interdisciplinary field and its attempts to provide solutions to tissue creation and repair.
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              Autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets is associated with mutations in FGF23.

              (2000)
              Proper serum phosphate concentrations are maintained by a complex and poorly understood process. Identification of genes responsible for inherited disorders involving disturbances in phosphate homeostasis may provide insight into the pathways that regulate phosphate balance. Several hereditary disorders of isolated phosphate wasting have been described, including X-linked hypophosphataemic rickets (XLH), hypophosphataemic bone disease (HBD), hereditary hypophosphataemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) and autosomal dominant hypophosphataemic rickets (ADHR). Inactivating mutations of the gene PHEX, encoding a member of the neutral endopeptidase family of proteins, are responsible for XLH (refs 6,7). ADHR (MIM 193100) is characterized by low serum phosphorus concentrations, rickets, osteomalacia, lower extremity deformities, short stature, bone pain and dental abscesses. Here we describe a positional cloning approach used to identify the ADHR gene which included the annotation of 37 genes within 4 Mb of genomic sequence. We identified missense mutations in a gene encoding a new member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF23. These mutations in patients with ADHR represent the first mutations found in a human FGF gene.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Tissue Eng
                JTE
                Journal of Tissue Engineering
                SAGE-Hindawi Access to Research
                2041-7314
                2010
                7 November 2010
                : 2010
                : 218142
                Affiliations
                1Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
                2Department of Nanobiomedical Science and WCU Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
                3Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Republic of Korea
                4Department of Biomaterials Science, School of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Republic of Korea
                Author notes
                *Jun-Hyeog Jang: juhjang@ 123456inha.ac.kr and
                *Hae-Won Kim: kimhw@ 123456dku.edu

                Academic Editor: Richard Day

                Article
                10.4061/2010/218142
                3042641
                21350642
                d83a7a67-fbf7-45ec-b632-f0b97af7fc0b
                Copyright © 2010 Ye-Rang Yun et al.

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 August 2010
                : 6 October 2010
                Categories
                Review Article

                Biomedical engineering
                Biomedical engineering

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