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      New Criterion to Evaluate Acute-on-Chronic Kidney Injury Based on the Creatinine Reference Change

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          Abstract

          Background: The lack of consensus criteria of acute on chronic kidney injury (ACKI) affects the judgment for its clinical prognosis. Methods: In this study, we analyzed the data from 711,615 hospitalized adults who had at least 2 serum creatinine (SCr) tests within 30 days. We estimated the reference change value (RCV) of SCr given initial SCr level in adults without known risks of acute kidney injury other than chronic kidney disease (CKD). We proposed a criterion for ACKI based on the RCV of SCr (cROCK), which defined ACKI as a ≥25% increase in SCr in 7 days. We validated cROCK by its association with the risks of in-hospital mortality, death after discharge, and CKD progression in a large cohort of patients with CKD stage 3. Results: In 21,661 patients with CKD stage 3, a total of 3,145 (14.5%), 1,512 (7.0%), and 221 (1.0%) ACKI events were detected by both cROCK and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), cROCK only, and KDIGO only, respectively. cROCK detected 40% more ACKI events than KDIGO. Compared with patients without ACKI by both definitions, those with cROCK- but not KDIGO-defined ACKI had a significantly increased risk of in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 5.53; 95% CI 3.75–8.16), death after discharge (HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.21–1.83), and CKD progression (OR 5.65; 95% CI 3.05–10.48). Conclusions: RCV-based criterion (cROCK) for ACKI is clinically valid in that it has a substantially improved sensitivity in identifying patients with high risk of adverse outcomes.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          AJN
          Am J Nephrol
          10.1159/issn.0250-8095
          American Journal of Nephrology
          S. Karger AG
          0250-8095
          1421-9670
          2020
          June 2020
          29 April 2020
          : 51
          : 6
          : 453-462
          Affiliations
          [_a] aNational Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
          [_b] bThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
          [_c] cSichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
          [_d] dGuangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
          [_e] eGuizhou Provincial People’s Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
          [_f] fGuilin Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guilin, China
          [_g] gTongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
          [_h] hKidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
          [_i] iCenter for Nephrology and Urology Shenzhen University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
          [_j] jThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
          [_k] kHuashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
          [_l] lInstitute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Nanjing, China
          [_m] mSun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
          [_n] nThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
          [_o] oChildren’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
          [_p] pThe Children Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
          [_q] qAnhui Institute of Pediatric Research, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
          [_r] rGuangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
          [_s] sChildren’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
          [_t] tChengdu Women and Children’s Central Hospital, Chengdu, China
          [_u] uShanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
          [_v] vJinan Children’s Hospital, Jinan, China
          [_w] wPediatric Medical Research Center, Gansu Province Child’s Hospital, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
          [_x] xWest China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
          [_y] yChildren’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
          [_z] zNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
          Author notes
          *Dr. Fan Fan Hou or Dr. Xin Xu, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou 510515 (China), E-Mail ffhouguangzhou@163.com or xux007@163.com
          Article
          506664 Am J Nephrol 2020;51:453–462
          10.1159/000506664
          32349004
          d83e6bd6-8ddd-48fc-9e3a-9abbbbe87b13
          © 2020 S. Karger AG, Basel

          Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

          History
          : 10 January 2020
          : 19 February 2020
          Page count
          Figures: 4, Tables: 3, Pages: 10
          Categories
          Patient-Oriented, Translational Research: Research Article

          Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
          Chronic kidney disease,Reference change value,Acute on chronic kidney injury,Serum creatinine,Mortality

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