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      Checklist of British and Irish Hymenoptera - Cynipoidea

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          Abstract

          Abstract
          Background

          The British and Irish checklist of Cynipoidea is revised, considerably updating the last complete checklist published in 1978. Disregarding uncertain identifications, 220 species are now known from Britain and Ireland, comprising 91 Cynipidae (including two established non-natives), 127 Figitidae and two Ibaliidae .

          New information

          One replacement name is proposed, Kleidotoma thomsoni Forshage , for the secondary homonym Kleidotoma tetratoma Thomson, 1861 (nec K. tetratoma (Hartig, 1841)).

          Related collections

          Most cited references121

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          The structure of an aphid-parasitoid community

          C. MU-Ller, I. Adriaanse, R Belshaw … (1999)
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            Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea

            Fredrik Ronquist (1999)
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              Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens

              Fredrik Ronquist, José Luis Nieves-Aldrey, Matthew L. Buffington … (2015)
              Gall wasps (Cynipidae) represent the most spectacular radiation of gall-inducing insects. In addition to true gall formers, gall wasps also include phytophagous inquilines, which live inside the galls induced by gall wasps or other insects. Here we present the first comprehensive molecular and total-evidence analyses of higher-level gall wasp relationships. We studied more than 100 taxa representing a rich selection of outgroups and the majority of described cynipid genera outside the diverse oak gall wasps (Cynipini), which were more sparsely sampled. About 5 kb of nucleotide data from one mitochondrial (COI) and four nuclear (28S, LWRh, EF1alpha F1, and EF1alpha F2) markers were analyzed separately and in combination with morphological and life-history data. According to previous morphology-based studies, gall wasps evolved in the Northern Hemisphere and were initially herb gallers. Inquilines originated once from gall inducers that lost the ability to initiate galls. Our results, albeit not conclusive, suggest a different scenario. The first gall wasps were more likely associated with woody host plants, and there must have been multiple origins of gall inducers, inquilines or both. One possibility is that gall inducers arose independently from inquilines in several lineages. Except for these surprising results, our analyses are largely consistent with previous studies. They confirm that gall wasps are conservative in their host-plant preferences, and that herb-galling lineages have radiated repeatedly onto the same set of unrelated host plants. We propose a revised classification of the family into twelve tribes, which are strongly supported as monophyletic across independent datasets. Four are new: Aulacideini, Phanacidini, Diastrophini and Ceroptresini. We present a key to the tribes and discuss their morphological and biological diversity. Until the relationships among the tribes are resolved, the origin and early evolution of gall wasps will remain elusive.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Gavin R. Broad
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Biodivers Data J
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Biodivers Data J
                Journal ID (pmc): Biodiversity Data Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Biodiversity Data Journal
                Title: Biodiversity Data Journal
                Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
                ISSN (Electronic): 1314-2828
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 March 2017
                Issue: 5
                Electronic Location Identifier: e8049
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
                [2 ]Colchester and Ipswich Museums, Colchester, United Kingdom
                [3 ]The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
                [4 ]Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, United Kingdom
                [5 ]University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Gavin R. Broad ( g.broad@ 123456nhm.ac.uk ).

                Academic editor: Pavel Stoev

                Article
                Publisher ID: Biodiversity Data Journal Other ID: 5147
                DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.5.e8049
                PMC ID: 5345061
                SO-VID: d85e4329-1608-4a46-b6a0-3ea96ee1587d
                Copyright © Mattias Forshage, Jeremy Bowdrey, Gavin R. Broad, Brian M. Spooner, Frank van Veen
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 05 February 2016
                Date accepted : 06 March 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, References: 117
                Categories
                Subject: Taxonomic Paper
                Subject: Cynipoidea
                Subject: Systematics
                Subject: British Isles

                Data availability:

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