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      The philosophy of total evidence and its relevance for phylogenetic inference

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          Abstract

          The test of congruence under total evidence as used in systematics has been tied to a Popperian philosophy of science, but is here shown to be related to the coherence theory of truth in metaphysics and thus to coherentism in epistemology. Since the test of congruence is coherentist, the contextual (theoretical) background of initial character conceptualization cannot be ignored as is suggested by some proponents of the total evidence approach. The relative merits of a total evidence approach versus conditional data set partitioning are considered, and whereas both have their merits and drawbacks, either approach requires causal grounding of character statements (statements of homology), at least approximately and defeasibly. The conclusion is that character congruence is a necessary, but not also a sufficient, condition for phylogeny reconstruction.

          Translated abstract

          O teste de congruência baseado em evidência total, como é usado na sistemática, foi atrelado à filosofia Popperiana de ciência, mas aqui se demonstra estar relacionado à teoria coerentista da verdade na metafísica e a teoria do coerentismo na epistemologia. Como o teste de congruência é coerentista, a base contextual (teórica) da conceitualização inicial de caracteres não pode ser ignorada como sugerido por alguns proponentes da abordagem de evidência total. Os méritos relativos apresentados pelas abordagens de evidência total e de partição condicional do conjunto de dados são considerados. Apesar das duas abordagens apresentarem seus méritos e desvantagens, ambas necessitam de um embasamento causal para definição dos caracteres (definição de homologia), ao menos de forma aproximada e falseável. A conclusão é que a congruência de caracteres representa uma condição necessária, mas não suficiente para a reconstrução filogenética.

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          CONCEPTS AND TESTS OF HOMOLOGY IN THE CLADISTIC PARADIGM

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            A Concern for Evidence and a Phylogenetic Hypothesis of Relationships Among Epicrates (Boidae, Serpentes)

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              Phylogenetic Systematics

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                paz
                Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (São Paulo)
                Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo)
                Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo )
                1807-0205
                2005
                : 45
                : 8
                : 77-89
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Field Museum United States
                Article
                S0031-10492005000800001
                10.1590/S0031-10492005000800001
                d87819e0-9c5c-48c5-99d3-c81005c68457

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0031-1049&lng=en
                Categories
                ZOOLOGY

                Animal science & Zoology
                test of congruence,Popper,Sistemática,evidencia total,teste de congruência,Systematics,total evidence

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