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      Uso potencial de recursos zoogenéticos porcinos (Sus scrofa domestica) en silvopastoreo, para sistemas productivos pecuarios familiares Translated title: Potential use of porcine zoogenetic resources (Sus scrofa domestica) in silvopastoral, for family livestock production systems

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción. En Colombia, se ha observado un incremento por encima del 100 % en el consumo de carne de cerdo en la última década, situándola como la proteína de origen animal que ha crecido en mayor proporción en el país; lo que ha impulsado al sector porcícola a desarrollarse como una industria sostenible y competitiva nacional e internacional. Este avance productivo ha sido posible mediante procesos de alta tecnificación y mejora, que permiten cumplir con las demandas de abastecimiento actual. Sin embargo, el acceso a dichos procesos de tecnificación y prácticas de mejoramiento, por parte de los sistemas de producción pecuaria familiar, se encuentra limitado. Objetivo. Analizar el uso de recursos zoogenéticos porcinos bajo modelos silvopastoriles, para su potencial implementación en sistemas productivos pecuarios familiares que estén focalizados en la porcicultura de levante y ceba. Desarrollo. Mediante el uso de términos claves y fórmulas de búsqueda, se recopilaron y analizaron ochenta documentos que abordan temáticas centrales como características de los recursos zoogenéticos porcinos, con énfasis en la raza criolla colombiana de cerdo San Pedreño, alternativas forrajeras y arbustivas para la suplementación nutricional de cerdos en sistemas silvopastoriles, criterios de bienestar animal y oportunidades de desarrollo en la producción de cerdos criollos. Conclusión. Esta revisión permite considerar la importancia social de contextualizar a los sistemas pecuarios familiares, con alternativas que los direccionen a una mayor sostenibilidad productiva, ambiental y económica; al igual que a un incremento en la competitividad y reconocimiento de sus productos, por el manejo óptimo de los recursos naturales, alimentarios y zoogenéticos de cada región. Por lo cual, se generan productos con valor agregado, provenientes de sistemas sostenibles de producción y se salvaguarda la seguridad alimentaria del núcleo familiar que implementa estas alternativas. Se necesita investigación que conduzca a la evaluación de alternativas zoogenéticas y alimenticias potenciales.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction. In Colombia, there has been an observed increase of over 100 % in pork consumption over the last decade, positioning it as the animal-origin protein that has grown the most in the country. This surge has driven the pork industry to evolve into a sustainable and competitive sector both nationally and internationally. This productive advancement has been made possible through high-tech processes and improvements that meet the current supply demands. However, access to such technological processes and improvement practices by family livestock production systems remains limited. Objective. To analyze the use of porcine zoogenetic resources under silvopastoral models for potential implementation in family livestock production systems focused on piglet raising and fattening. Development. Through the use of key terms and search formulas, eighty documents addressing central topics such as porcine zoogenetic characteristics, with an emphasis on the Colombian creole pig breed ''San Pedreño'', forage, and shrub alternatives for nutritional supplementation of pigs within silvopastoral systems, animal welfare criteria, and development opportunities in creole pigs' production, were collected and analyzed. Conclusion. This review emphasizes the social importance of contextualizing family livestock systems with alternatives that lead to greater productive, environmental, and economic sustainability. It also aims for increased competitiveness and recognition of their products through optimal management of natural, food, and zoogenitic resources in each region. Consequently, value-added products are generated from sustainable production systems, ensuring food security for families implementing these alternatives. Further research is needed to evaluate potential zoogenetic and nutrition alternatives.

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          Microbial perspective on fiber utilization by swine.

          Dietary fiber may contribute up to 30% of the maintenance energy needs of growing pigs. Higher energy contributions may be obtained from dietary fiber fed to sows, along with some improvements in reproduction, health, and well-being. As long as cereal grain supplies and high-quality protein supplements are abundant, the use of fibrous feeds for swine most likely will be limited. However, as the human demand for cereal grains increases, swine producers, especially those with reproductive animals, may be economically forced to incorporate alternative feedstuffs. These feedstuffs might include lignified plant cell wall material such as grasses and legumes, and feed-milling and distillery by-products that contain a high level of fiber residues. The microflora in swine large intestine will be able to adapt to these lignified forages and by-product feeds much better than the microflora in humans. Swine microflora contain highly active ruminal cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacterial species, which include Fibrobacter succinogenes (intestinalis), Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Butyrivibrio spp., and Prevotella ruminicola. Additionally, a new highly active cellulolytic bacterium, Clostridium herbivorans, has been recently isolated from pig large intestine. The populations of these microorganisms are known to increase in response to the ingestion of diets high in plant cell wall material. The numbers of cellulolytic bacteria from adult animals are approximately 6.7 times greater than those found in growing pigs. None of these highly active cellulolytic bacterial species are found in the human large intestine. Thus, the pig large intestinal fermentation of fiber seems to more closely resemble that of ruminants than that of humans.
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            Características y potencialidades de Moringa oleifera, Lamark: Una alternativa para la alimentación animal

            Moringa oleifera es la especie más conocida del género Moringa. Es un árbol originario del sur del Himalaya, el nordeste de la India, Bangladesh, Afganistán y Pakistán. Se encuentra diseminado en una gran parte del planeta y en América Central; se conoce con diversos nombres comunes: palo jeringa, acacia y jazmín francés, entre otros. El presente artículo trata diferentes aspectos de esta especie, tales como: su origen y distribución, los factores agronómicos y la producción de biomasa, la composición química y su utilización. Es una planta que se destaca por sus múltiples usos y adaptación a diferentes condiciones edafoclimáticas, por lo que constituye una opción para la alimentación, sobre todo en los países tropicales. Se concluye que la arbustiva M. oleifera tiene una gran plasticidad ecológica, ya que es capaz de adaptarse a las más diversas condiciones de suelo y clima. Su valor nutricional y los elevados rendimientos de biomasa, la hacen un recurso fitogenético de importancia en los sistemas de producción. Además es una planta que se puede emplear como cerca viva, cortina rompevientos, abono verde y para la producción de etanol y goma, entre otros; de ahí que sea una especie interesante para el trópico.
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              Environmental trade-offs of pig production systems under varied operational efficiencies

              Production of pork, the most consumed meat globally, is estimated to emit 668 m tonnes CO2-eq of greenhouse gases each year. Amongst various production systems that comprise the pig industry, grain-based intensive production is widely regarded as the largest polluter of the environment, and thus it is imperative to develop alternative systems that can provide the right balance between sustainability and food security. Using an original dataset from the Republic of Ireland, this paper examines the life-cycle environmental impacts of representative pig farms operating under varying production efficiencies. For the baseline farm with an average production efficiency, global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP) per kg carcass weight departing the slaughterhouse were estimated to be 3.5 kg CO2-eq, 43.8 g SO2-eq and 32.1 g PO4-eq, respectively. For herds with a higher production efficiency, a 9% improvement in feed conversion ratio was met by 6%, 15% and 12% decreases in GWP, EP, AP, respectively. Scenario and sensitivity analyses also revealed that (a) a switch to high-protein diets results in lower GWP and higher AP and EP, and (b) reducing transportation distances by sourcing domestically produced wheat and barley does not lower environmental impacts in any notable manner. To improve cross-study comparability of these findings, results based on an auxiliary functional unit, kg liveweight departing the farm gate, are also reported.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                am
                Agronomía Mesoamericana
                Agron. Mesoam
                Universidad de Costa Rica (San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica )
                1659-1321
                2215-3608
                December 2023
                : 34
                : 3
                : 53662
                Affiliations
                [3] , Ciudadela Robledo Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Agrarias - GRICA Colombia luis.gallego@ 123456udea.edu.co
                [2] Ciudadela Robledo Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Agrarias - GRICA Colombia liliana.mahecha@ 123456udea.edu.co
                [1] Ciudadela Robledo Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Agrarias - GRICA Colombia sofia.alfonso@ 123456udea.edu.co
                [4] Ciudadela Robledo Medellín orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo de investigación en Ciencias Agrarias - GRICA Colombia joaquin.angulo@ 123456udea.edu.co
                Article
                S1659-13212023000300034 S1659-1321(23)03400300034
                10.15517/am.2023.53662
                d8a539a0-4660-448f-b13d-6feb346eaed5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 January 2023
                : 22 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 80, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Costa Rica

                Categories
                Revisión bibliográfica

                creole pig,sostenibilidad,silvopastoreo,producción familiar,cerdo criollo,bienestar animal,sustainability,silvopasture,family production,animal welfare

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