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      Tuberculose nos municípios amazonenses da fronteira Brasil-Colômbia-Peru-Venezuela: situação epidemiológica e fatores associados ao abandono Translated title: Tuberculosis in Amazonian municipalities of the Brazil-Colombia-Peru-Venezuela border: epidemiological situation and risk factors associated with treatment default

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Descrever a situação epidemiológica da tuberculose, mapear a sua incidência e investigar fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento nos municípios do Amazonas que integram o Arco Norte da faixa de fronteira internacional do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo retrospectivo analisou características sociodemográficas e clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos de tuberculose notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) entre 2001 e 2010. Utilizou-se regressão logística para identificação de fatores associados ao abandono do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de casos em indígenas (51,9%), em homens (57,9%) e em indivíduos na faixa de 25 a 44 anos (31,4%) de idade. A forma clínica predominante foi a pulmonar (89,7%). Mesmo assim, 24,5% dos casos não realizaram baciloscopia de escarro, e somente metade realizou tratamento supervisionado. A alta por cura representou 70,0% das notificações, e o abandono, 10,0%. Óbitos por tuberculose e por outras causas somaram 4,1%, e a tuberculose multirresistente somou 1,7%. A incidência média segundo raça/cor revelou-se maior entre os indígenas, variando de 202,3/100 000 em 2001 a 65,6/100 000 em 2010. O abandono do tratamento esteve associado à não realização das baciloscopias de acompanhamento no segundo, quarto e sexto mês (OR = 11,9; IC95%: 7,4 a 19,0); ao reingresso pós-abandono (OR = 3,0; IC95%: 1,5 a 5,9); e à residência em algumas sub-regiões, sobretudo no Alto Solimões (OR = 6,7; IC95%: 4,6 a 9,8). CONCLUSÕES: Na porção amazonense do Arco Norte da fronteira internacional do Brasil, predominam elevadas taxas de incidência por tuberculose, sobretudo em indígenas. As especificidades socioculturais dessas populações e o precário controle da tuberculose na região determinam a necessidade urgente de integrar os diferentes sistemas nacionais de saúde.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological situation and the incidence of tuberculosis and to investigate the factors associated with treatment default in the Amazonian municipalities located in the northern Brazilian international border. METHODS: This retrospective study employed sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological tuberculosis data recorded in the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2001 and 2010. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with treatment default. RESULTS: Tuberculosis affected mostly indigenous peoples (51.9%), males (57.9%), and people aged 25-44 years (31.4%). The predominant clinical presentation was pulmonary (89.7%), yet in 24.5% of the cases the patients did not undergo sputum smear microscopy, and only half received supervised treatment. In 70.0% of the cases notified, patients were discharged as cured. Treatment default was recorded in 10.0% of the patients. Of all deaths, 4.1% were by tuberculosis and other causes, and 1.7% by multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The average incidence by race/color was greater among indigenous peoples, ranging from 202.3/100 000 in 2001 to 65.6/100 000 in 2010. Treatment default was associated with failure to perform the follow-up smear at the second, fourth, and sixth months (OR = 11.9, 95%CI: 7.4-19.0); with resuming treatment after default (OR = 3.0, 95%CI: 1.5-5.9); and with living in specific subregions, particularly the Alto Solimões region (OR = 6.7, 95%CI: 4.6-9.8). CONCLUSIONS: The present results show a high incidence of tuberculosis in the Amazon portion of the northern Brazilian international border, especially among indigenous peoples. Considering the socio-cultural specificities of these populations and the poor tuberculosis control in this area, the authors of the study conclude that the integration of different national health systems is both necessary and urgent.

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          Manual de recomendações para o controle de tuberculose no Brasil.

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              Risk factors associated with recent transmission of tuberculosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.

              A systematic review of published articles was performed to identify risk factors associated with recent transmission of tuberculosis (TB). The computerized search identified studies in PubMed, Ovid, CDSR, CINAHL and EMBASE published between 1994 and 2005. Of 137 articles, 30 satisfied all the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A random effects model estimated the odds ratio (OR), confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity between studies. Recent transmission of TB was associated with: ethnic minority (OR 3.03, 95%CI 2.21- 4.16), being a native of the country (OR 2.33, 95%CI 1.76-3.08), residing in an urban area (OR 1.52, 95%CI 1.35-1.72), drug use (OR 3.01, 95%CI 2.14-4.22), excessive alcohol consumption (OR 2.27, 95%CI 1.69-3.06), homelessness (OR 2.87, 95%CI 2.04-4.02), previous incarceration (OR 2.21, 95%CI 1.71-2.86), human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (OR 1.66, 95%CI 1.36-2.05), young age (OR 2.09, 95%CI 1.69-2.59), sputum smear positivity (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.20-1.60) and male sex (OR 1.37, 95%CI 1.19-1.58). The results should be useful for improving prevention and control strategies, thus contributing to a reduction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rpsp
                Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
                Rev Panam Salud Publica
                Organización Panamericana de la Salud (Washington, Washington, United States )
                1020-4989
                1680-5348
                November 2013
                : 34
                : 5
                : 321-329
                Affiliations
                [02] Manaus AM orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane orgdiv2Departamento de Sociodiversidade em Saúde Brasil
                [03] Rio de Janeiro RJ orgnameFundação Oswaldo Cruz orgdiv1Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca orgdiv2Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa Brasil
                [01] Manaus AM orgnameUniversidade Federal do Amazonas orgdiv1Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde Brasil elsia@ 123456amazonia.fiocruz.br
                Article
                S1020-49892013001100004 S1020-4989(13)03400500004
                d8afa7fa-e0ba-42d6-b74c-edb4b8cf6012

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 24 December 2012
                : 20 November 2013
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 9
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                SciELO Public Health

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                epidemiology,Tuberculosis,Tuberculose,border areas,indigenous population,epidemiologia,Brasil,população indígena,áreas de fronteira,pacientes desistentes do tratamento,Brazil,patient dropouts

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