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      Restricted gene flow across fragmented populations of Legrandia concinna, a threatened Myrtaceae endemic to south-central Chile Translated title: Flujo génico restringido en poblaciones fragmentadas de Legrandia concinna, una Myrtaceae amenazada endémica del centro-sur de Chile

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          Abstract

          The objective of the present study was to analyze levels and distribution patterns of isozyme variation in the only five known populations of Legrandia concinna, a threatened and range-restricted species to the temperate forest of the Chilean South Central Andes. Six enzyme systems were resolved using a combination of two buffer solutions which yielded information on nine putative loci; 67 % of these were polymorphic in at least one population. Levels of genetic variation for L. concinna populations are low, with average polymorphism of 31 %, and observed and expected heterozygosis of 0.07 and 0.11 respectively. We found significant mean within-population inbreeding (F IS = 0.395) and among-population divergence (F ST = 41 %). Cluster analysis indicates that genetic diversity is latitudinally structured. Our results show that even small populations may still retain as much genetic diversity as larger ones, which, in addition to significant restrictions for gene flow, call for urgent conservation actions; otherwise L. concinna could be seriously threatened.

          Translated abstract

          El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los niveles y patrones de distribución de polimorfismos isoenzimáticos en las únicas cinco poblaciones conocidas de Legrandia concinna, una especie amenazada de rango restringido de los bosques templados de Los Andes de Chile central. Seis sistemas enzimáticos se resolvieron usando una combinación de dos soluciones tampón que dieron información sobre nueve loci génicos putativos, 67 % de los cuales resultaron polimórficos en al menos una población. Los niveles de variación genética en poblaciones de L. concinna resultaron bajos, con un polimorfismo promedio de 31 % y heterocigosis observada y esperada de 0,07 y 0,11, respectivamente. Las poblaciones de L. concinna mostraron una significativa endogamia dentro de las poblaciones (F IS = 0,395) y divergencia entre poblaciones (F ST = 41 %). El análisis multivariado de clúster indicó que la diversidad genética está estructurada latitudinalmente. Los resultados sugieren que aún poblaciones pequeñas pueden retener tanta diversidad genética como las de mayor tamaño. Esto, en combinación con las restricciones significativas al flujo génico, muestra la necesidad de realizar medidas urgentes de conservación, de lo contrario L. concinna se encontrará seriamente amenazada.

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          Most cited references41

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          The magnitudes of the systematic biases involved in sample heterozygosity and sample genetic distances are evaluated, and formulae for obtaining unbiased estimates of average heterozygosity and genetic distance are developed. It is also shown that the number of individuals to be used for estimating average heterozygosity can be very small if a large number of loci are studied and the average heterozygosity is low. The number of individuals to be used for estimating genetic distance can also be very small if the genetic distance is large and the average heterozygosity of the two species compared is low.
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            The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach.

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              The genetics of inbreeding depression.

              Inbreeding depression - the reduced survival and fertility of offspring of related individuals - occurs in wild animal and plant populations as well as in humans, indicating that genetic variation in fitness traits exists in natural populations. Inbreeding depression is important in the evolution of outcrossing mating systems and, because intercrossing inbred strains improves yield (heterosis), which is important in crop breeding, the genetic basis of these effects has been debated since the early twentieth century. Classical genetic studies and modern molecular evolutionary approaches now suggest that inbreeding depression and heterosis are predominantly caused by the presence of recessive deleterious mutations in populations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bosque
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Bosque (Valdivia)
                Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales (Valdivia, , Chile )
                0717-9200
                2011
                : 32
                : 1
                : 30-38
                Affiliations
                [04] Concepción orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Chile
                [03] Bariloche orgnameUniversidad Nacional del Comahue Argentina apremoli@ 123456crub.uncoma.edu.ar
                [02] orgnameRoyal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Scotland
                [01] Valdivia orgnameUniversidad Austral de Chile Chile
                Article
                S0717-92002011000100004 S0717-9200(11)03200104
                10.4067/S0717-92002011000100004
                d8b18968-f518-4d0d-a30e-41193fead383

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 November 2010
                : 23 July 2010
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTICLES

                flujo génico restringido,isozyme,rare species,restricted gene flow,vulnerable species,isoenzimas,especie rara,especie vulnerable

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