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      Identificación y reconocimiento de enfermedades profesionales en siete hospitales públicos de España Translated title: Identification and recognition of occupational diseases in seven public hospitals in Spain

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN. Antecedentes : La infra-notificación y reconocimiento de enfermedad profesional (EP) es un problema secular en España y demás países europeos. El proyecto de Carga de la Enfermedad Profesional en España (CEPS) pretende contribuir a resolver este problema. Objetivo: Describir el proceso de identificación y reconocimiento de EP en siete hospitales españoles entre 2017 y 2019. Material y Métodos: En los siete hospitales que participan en el estudio se creó una unidad de patología laboral (UPL) la cual estimulaba en los servicios asistenciales la identificación de posibles EP atendidas en el hospital. Los pacientes confirmados por la UPL fueron acompañados en el proceso de reconocimiento. Resultados: En este periodo fueron derivados 308 casos, y en 154 (62%) se confirmó la sospecha EP. De éstos, 78 (65%) han sido reconocidos. La tasa de confirmación (casos confirmados/ derivados) varió según hospitales (de un 25% en el Badalona Serveis Assistencials a un 100% en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz) y grupos de diagnósticos (de un 13% para trastornos musculoesqueléticos a un 100% para patologías varias). La tasa de reconocimiento (casos confirmados/casos reconocidos) varió según centro, diagnóstico, sexo y edad, siendo más alta en mujeres, con ≥ 55 años y diagnosticados con patologías varias (oculares, infecciosas, mentales, entre otras). Conclusión: Las UPL contribuyen significativamente en el proceso de identificación y reconocimiento de EP, lo que los pacientes posiblemente no hubieran obtenido de otra forma.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Under-reporting and recognition of occupational disease (OD) is a secular problem in Spain and other European countries. The burden of occupational disease in Spain project (CEPS) aims to contribute. Objective: To describe the process of identification and recognition of OD in seven Spanish between 2017 and 2020. Material and Methods: In the seven hospitals that participate in the study an occupational pathology unit (OPU) was created. The OPU encouraged the healthcare services to identify possible OD treated in the hospital. The patients confirmed by the OPU were accompanied in the recognition process. Results: 308 cases were referred in this period and 154 OD was confirmed (62%). Of these, 78 have been recognized (65%). The confirmation rate (confirmed/ referred cases) varied according to hospitals (from 25% at the Badalona Serveis Assistencials to 100% at the Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz) and diagnosis groups (from 13% for musculoskeletal disorders to 100% for various pathologies). The recognition rate (confirmed/ recognized cases) varied according to hospitals, diagnosis, sex and age, being higher in women, aged ≥ 55 years and diagnosed with various pathologies (ocular, infectious, mental, among others). Conclusion: OPU contribute significantly in the process of identification and recognition of OD, which the patients might not have obtained otherwise.

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          Occupational injury and illness surveillance: conceptual filters explain underreporting.

          Occupational health surveillance data are key to effective intervention. However, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics survey significantly underestimates the incidence of work-related injuries and illnesses. Researchers supplement these statistics with data from other systems not designed for surveillance. The authors apply the filter model of Webb et al. to underreporting by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, workers' compensation wage-replacement documents, physician reporting systems, and medical records of treatment charged to workers' compensation. Mechanisms are described for the loss of cases at successive steps of documentation. Empirical findings indicate that workers repeatedly risk adverse consequences for attempting to complete these steps, while systems for ensuring their completion are weak or absent.
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            El género como determinante de la salud mental y su medicalización. Informe SESPAS 2020

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              Sex differences in injury patterns among workers in heavy manufacturing.

              The objective of the study was to determine if female workers in a heavy manufacturing environment have a higher risk of injury compared with males when performing the same job and to evaluate sex differences in type or severity of injury. By use of human resources and incident surveillance data for the hourly population at 6 US aluminum smelters, injuries that occurred from January 1, 1996, through December 21, 2005, were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression, adjusted for job, tenure, and age category, was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for female versus male injury risk for all injuries, recordable injuries, and lost work time injuries. The analysis was repeated for acute injuries and musculoskeletal disorder-related injuries separately. Female workers in this industry have a greater risk for sustaining all forms of injury after adjustment for age, tenure, and standardized job category (odds ratio = 1.365, 95% confidence interval: 1.290, 1.445). This excess risk for female workers persisted when injuries were dichotomized into acute injuries (odds ratio = 1.2) and musculoskeletal disorder-related injuries (odds ratio = 1.1). This study provides evidence of a sex disparity in occupational injury with female workers at higher risk compared with their male counterparts in a heavy manufacturing environment.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                3020-1160
                2021
                : 30
                : 2
                : 185-194
                Affiliations
                [17] El Ferrol A orgnameHospital Arquitecto Marcide del Ferrol orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS Coruña
                [14] Barcelona orgnameParc de Salut Mar orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [7] Girona orgnameInstitut d'Assistència Sanitària orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [5] Barcelona orgnameParc de Salut MAR orgdiv1Servicio de Salud Laboral España
                [2] Barcelona orgnameInstitut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques Spain
                [12] Gijón orgnameHospital Cabueñes orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS Spain
                [10] El Ferrol A Coruña orgnameHospital Arquitecto Marcide del Ferrol orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [1] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Pompeu Fabra orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias Experimentales y de la Salud orgdiv2CiSAL-Centro de Investigación en Salud Laboral Spain
                [4] orgnameCIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) España
                [13] Girona orgnameInstitut d'Assistència Sanitària orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [3] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción Chile
                [11] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [9] Vigo Pontevedra orgnameHospital Álvaro Cunqueiro orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [15] Barcelona orgnameParc de Salut Mar orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [8] Badalona Barcelona orgnameBadalona Serveis Assistencials orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                [6] Houston orgnameUniversity of Texas orgdiv1Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences United States
                [16] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz orgdiv1Proyecto CEPS España
                Article
                S3020-11602021000200185 S3020-1160(21)03000200185
                d8b83c33-3dac-474f-a370-a726930e164f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 27 June 2021
                : 08 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 23, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Textos Originales

                social security,disease notification,work-related disease,occupational disease,salud laboral,medicina del trabajo,seguridad social,enfermedad profesional

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