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      Caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale procedentes de aves de corral con cuadros clínicos respiratorios en el Perú entre 2015 y 2017 Translated title: Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from poultry with respiratory clinical signs in Peru between 2015 and 2017

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          Abstract

          Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, al igual que otras bacterias asociadas a cuadros de orden respiratorio, viene siendo sometida a una exigente presión de selección debido al uso de desinfectantes y antibióticos, lo cual ha venido generando cepas multidrogo resistentes, así como un incremento en la variabilidad genética. El objetivo del estudio fue caracterizar 36 aislados de O. rhinotracheale provenientes de aves de corral de cinco regiones del Perú, mediante un perfil de ocho antibióticos (fosfomicina, amoxicilina, ciprofloxacina, enrofloxacina, norfloxacina, sulfatrimetopim, doxiciclina, oxitetraciclina), y genotipificación por técnicas de ERIC-PCR. Los resultados indican la presencia de multidrogo resistencia de 2 a 6 antibióticos en 94.4% (n=34) de las cepas y el 100% resistente al menos a una familia de antibióticos. La resistencia más común fue a la fosfomicina (77.8%) seguido del sulfatrimetopim (75.0%). Se encontraron 11 perfiles genéticos diferenciados (A-K), siendo el perfil D más frecuente en los aislados (55.6%). Los resultados sugieren la presencia de cepas de O. rhinotracheale con moderada variabilidad y perfiles de resistencia a los antibiótico fosfomicina y sulfatrimetopim.

          Translated abstract

          Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, like other bacteria associated with respiratory conditions, has been subjected to a demanding selection pressure due to the use of disinfectants and antibiotics, which has been generating resistant multidrug strains, as well as an increase in its genetic variability. The objective of the study was to characterize 36 O. rhinotracheale isolates from poultry from five regions of Peru by a profile of eight antibiotics (fosfomycin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, sulfatrimetropin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline), and genotyping by ERIC-PCR techniques. The results indicate the presence of multidrug resistance of 2 to 6 antibiotics in 94.4% (n = 34) of the strains and 100% were resistant to al least one antibiotic family. The most common resistance was to fosfomycin (77.8 %) and sulfatrimetropin (75.0%). At least, 11 differentiated genetic profiles (A-K) were found, being the most frequent the D profile in the isolates (55.6%). The results suggest the presence of O. rhinotracheale strains with moderate variability and antibiotic resistance profiles fosfomycin and sulfatrimetropin.

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          MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0.

          We announce the release of an advanced version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, which currently contains facilities for building sequence alignments, inferring phylogenetic histories, and conducting molecular evolutionary analysis. In version 6.0, MEGA now enables the inference of timetrees, as it implements the RelTime method for estimating divergence times for all branching points in a phylogeny. A new Timetree Wizard in MEGA6 facilitates this timetree inference by providing a graphical user interface (GUI) to specify the phylogeny and calibration constraints step-by-step. This version also contains enhanced algorithms to search for the optimal trees under evolutionary criteria and implements a more advanced memory management that can double the size of sequence data sets to which MEGA can be applied. Both GUI and command-line versions of MEGA6 can be downloaded from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
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            Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for the pig pathogen Streptococcus suis: identification of virulent clones and potential capsular serotype exchange.

            Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and occasionally causes serious human disease. However, little is known about the S. suis population structure, the clonal relationships between strains, the potential of particular clones to cause disease, and the relevance of serotype as a marker for epidemiology. Here we describe a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for S. suis developed in order to begin to address these issues. Seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 294 S. suis isolates obtained from various S. suis diseases and from asymptomatic carriage representing 28 serotypes and nine distinct countries of origin were sequenced. Between 32 and 46 alleles per locus were identified, giving the ability to distinguish >1.6 x 10(11) sequence types (STs). However only 92 STs were identified in this study. Of the 92 STs 18 contained multiple isolates, the most common of which, ST1, was identified on 141 occasions from six countries. Assignment of the STs to lineages resulted in 37 being identified as unique and unrelated STs while the remaining 55 were assigned to 10 complexes. ST complexes ST1, ST27, and ST87 dominate the population; while the ST1 complex was strongly associated with isolates from septicemia, meningitis, and arthritis, the ST87 and ST27 complexes were found to contain significantly higher numbers of lung isolates. In agreement with the observed distribution of disease-causing isolates of S. suis, most isolates previously characterized as of high virulence in porcine infection models belong to ST1, while isolates belonging to other STs appear to be less virulent in general. Finally nine STs were found to contain isolates of multiple serotypes, and many isolates belonging to the same serotypes were found to have very disparate genetic backgrounds. As well as highlighting that the serotype can often be a poor indicator of genetic relatedness between S. suis isolates, these findings suggest that capsular genes may be moving horizontally through the S. suis population.
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              How clonal are bacteria?

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rivep
                Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú
                Rev. investig. vet. Perú
                Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria (Lima, , Peru )
                1609-9117
                October 2019
                : 30
                : 4
                : 1734-1742
                Affiliations
                [01] Lima orgnameLaboratorio Bioservice SRL Perú
                [02] Lima orgnameUniversidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias y Filosofía orgdiv2Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo Perú
                [03] Lima orgnameUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria orgdiv2Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología Veterinaria Perú
                Article
                S1609-91172019000400036 S1609-9117(19)03000400036
                10.15381/rivep.v30i4.17186
                d8cdae78-a509-4352-8e11-8bacbd807310

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 25 February 2019
                : 23 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Peru

                Categories
                Artículos primarios

                genotipificación,Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale,resistencia a antibióticos,genotyping,antibiotic resistance,ERICPCR,ERIC-PCR

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