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      Hyporesponsiveness of the Pituitary to CRH during Slow Wave Sleep Is Not Mimicked by Systemic GHRH

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          Abstract

          During slow wave sleep (SWS) pituitary responsiveness to CRH is reduced. Since GHRH is involved in the promotion of SWS in humans and rats, it was examined whether the blunted CRH-induced ACTH and cortisol release during SWS could be mimicked by systemic GHRH. Young healthy men (n = 7) participated in 4 sleep-endocrine protocols: (A) lights off at 23.00 h, intravenous injection of 50 µg CRH during the first SWS period; (B) lights off at 01.00 h, injection of 100 µg GHRH at 23.00 h, followed by 50 µg CRH at 23.30 h; (C) lights off at 01.00 h, injection of 50 µg CRH at 23.30 h, and (D) lights off at 23.00 h, saline treatment only (= baseline condition). The sleep EEG was recorded during the lights off period and blood samples, collected every 20 min between 22.00 and 07.00 h, were assayed for GH, cortisol and ACTH. There was no significant difference in the sleep-associated GH peak between protocols. Plasma ACTH was significantly higher following CRH administration during wakefulness compared with CRH administration during SWS (protocols B and C vs. A; area under the curve (AUC) 23.00–03.00 h: 9.6 ± 4.8 and 7.3 ± 2.0 vs. 6.1 ± 1.1 ng/ml × min; p < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in plasma ACTH concentration between the baseline condition and protocol A (CRH administration during SWS). Similarly, cortisol was significantly enhanced compared with baseline following CRH during wakefulness only. CRH induced an increase in EEG activity in the sigma frequency range, both when it was administered during wakefulness and SWS, while this effect was reduced by pre-treatment with GHRH. In summary, our data suggest that (1) the blunted CRH-induced release of ACTH and cortisol during SWS is not mimicked by systemic GHRH administration, and (2) CRH enhances sigma EEG activity possibly via modulation of afferent pathways from the median eminence to the thalamus and this effect is reduced by pre-treatment with GHRH.

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          From early to late adulthood. Changes in EEG sleep of depressed patients and healthy volunteers.

          In order to evaluate the impact of aging on EEG sleep patterns we investigated the polysomnograms of 74 patients with major depression and 51 healthy volunteers aged 18-65 years. In most of the EEG sleep parameters, age-related changes were obvious in both the depressives and the normals. In the patients, some of these alterations occurred earlier and were more pronounced. The amount of slow-wave sleep decreased with age, but no differences were found between the depressives and the healthy volunteers at any particular age. Rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency was clearly affected by age, but there were no significant differences between patients and controls until the middle of the fourth decade of life. On the other hand, REM density measures did not vary with age and were increased in the depressives. Therefore, REM density appears to be a more likely candidate for a biologic marker for major depression than is REM latency.
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            Hypothalamic peptide modulation of EEG sleep in depression: a further application of the S-process hypothesis.

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              Sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of cortisol and growth hormone in male patients with endogenous depression before treatment and after recovery

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                NEN
                Neuroendocrinology
                10.1159/issn.0028-3835
                Neuroendocrinology
                S. Karger AG
                0028-3835
                1423-0194
                1999
                February 1999
                17 February 1999
                : 69
                : 2
                : 88-96
                Affiliations
                Department of Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
                Article
                54406 Neuroendocrinology 1999;69:88–96
                10.1159/000054406
                9986921
                d8e1f1c7-c206-4acc-9cfd-ed2aa095a17e
                © 1999 S. Karger AG, Basel

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                History
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 4, References: 39, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Stress and Corticotropin

                Endocrinology & Diabetes,Neurology,Nutrition & Dietetics,Sexual medicine,Internal medicine,Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Growth hormone-releasing hormone,Growth hormone,Sleep,Corticotropin,Clinical neuroendocrinology,Adrenal steroids

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