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      Concentrations of nine endogenous steroid hormones in 70-year-old men and women

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Circulating concentrations of endogenous steroids have systemic implications on health in elderly. However, population-based age- and ethnicity-specific data are scarce. The aim was to report sex-specific plasma concentrations of endogenous sex and adrenal steroids in elderly Swedish Caucasians, to examine the impact of BMI and to present concentrations in apparently healthy subjects.

          Methods

          A population-based observational study of 70-year olds, including 684 community-dwelling men and women enrolled in the PIVUS study, Sweden. Median plasma concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-progesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and estradiol.

          Results

          Plasma concentrations were significantly higher in men ( n = 452) than in women ( n = 232) for estradiol: median 61.3 pmol/L (95% CI, 11.4, 142.7) vs 18.4 (4.0, 127.3), for estrone: 92.8 (33.3, 206) vs 71.6 (17.8, 209) pmol/L, and for testosterone 13.8 (5.7, 28.0) vs 0.7 (0.2, 2.0) nmol/L. Higher concentrations of estrone and estradiol were observed in obese than non-obese women. Compared to non-obese men, obese men had lower concentrations of testosterone and its precursors: 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and DHEA. The subgroup of apparently healthy individuals had median values > 20% lower for estrone and estradiol in women but slightly higher for testosterone in both sexes.

          Conclusions

          Concentrations of estradiol, estrone and testosterone were higher in 70-year-old men than in women. BMI associated positively to estradiol and estrone in women and negatively to testosterone in men. Apparently healthy women had lower median concentrations of estradiol and estrone and men had higher median testosterone compared to all individuals.

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          Most cited references42

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          A comparison of three different methods to evaluate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the elderly: the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study.

          Lars Lind, Nilla Fors, Jan Hall … (2005)
          Three different techniques to evaluate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the peripheral circulation have been described but not simultaneously tested in a large-scale population-based setting. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and usefulness of these techniques in the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study. In the population-based PIVUS study (1016 subjects aged 70 years), the invasive forearm technique with acetylcholine given in the brachial artery (EDV), the brachial artery ultrasound technique with measurement of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and the pulse wave analysis method with beta-2-agonist (terbutaline) provocation were successfully used in 87%, 97%, and 86% of the sample, respectively. The results of EDV and pulse wave analysis were interrelated (r=0.12, P=0.0013), but no relationships were found with FMD measurements. All 3 techniques were correlated to the Framingham risk score (r=0.10 to 0.12, P=0.0007 to 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, however, only EDV and FMD were independently associated with the Framingham score. All 3 evaluated techniques were feasible to perform in a general elderly population. Both the invasive forearm technique and FMD were independently associated with increased coronary risk, suggesting that information on conduit artery and resistance artery endothelial function carry different, but important, information in the elderly. If the invasive technique cannot be used, the pulse wave based technique is an alternative.
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            Measurement of total serum testosterone in adult men: comparison of current laboratory methods versus liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

            Daniel Catlin, R. Swerdloff, Christina Wang … (2004)
            The diagnosis of male hypogonadism requires the demonstration of a low serum testosterone (T) level. We examined serum T levels in pedigreed samples taken from 62 eugonadal and 60 hypogonadal males by four commonly used automated immunoassay instruments (Roche Elecsys, Bayer Centaur, Ortho Vitros ECi and DPC Immulite 2000) and two manual immunoassay methods (DPC-RIA, a coated tube commercial kit, and HUMC-RIA, a research laboratory assay) and compared results with measurements performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). Deming's regression analyses comparing each of the test results with LC-MSMS showed slopes that were between 0.881 and 1.217. The interclass correlation coefficients were between 0.92 and 0.97 for all methods. Compared with the serum T concentrations measured by LC-MSMS, the DPC Immulite results were biased toward lower values (mean difference, -90 +/- 9 ng/dl) whereas the Bayer Centaur data were biased toward higher values (mean difference, +99 +/- 11 ng/dl) over a wide range of serum T levels. At low serum T concentrations (<100 ng/dl or 3.47 nmol/liter), HUMC-RIA overestimated serum T, Ortho Vitros ECi underestimated the serum T concentration, whereas the other two methods (DPC-RIA and Roche Elecsys) showed differences in both directions compared with LC-MSMS. Over 60% of the samples (with T levels within the adult male range) measured by most automated and manual methods were within +/- 20% of those reported by LC-MSMS. These immunoassays are capable of distinguishing eugonadal from hypogonadal males if adult male reference ranges have been established in each individual laboratory. The lack of precision and accuracy, together with bias of the immunoassay methods at low serum T concentrations, suggests that the current methods cannot be used to accurately measure T in females or serum from prepubertal subjects.
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              Testosterone measured by 10 immunoassays and by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in sera from 116 men, women, and children.

              Joëlle Taieb, Bruno Mathian, Françoise Millot … (2003)
              Commercially available testosterone immunoassays give divergent results, especially at the low concentrations seen in women. We compared immunoassays and a nonimmunochemical method that could quantify low testosterone concentrations. We measured serum testosterone in 50 men, 55 women, and 11 children with use of eight nonisotopic immunoassays, two isotopic immunoassays, and isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ID/GC-MS). Compared with ID/GC-MS, 7 of the 10 immunoassays tested overestimated testosterone concentrations in samples from women; mean immunoassay results were 46% above those obtained by ID/GC-MS. The immunoassays underestimated testosterone concentrations in samples from men, giving mean results 12% below those obtained by ID/GC-MS. In women, at concentrations of 0.6-7.2 nmol/L, 3 of the 10 immunoassays gave positive mean differences >2.0 nmol/L (range, -0.7 to 3.3 nmol/L) compared with ID/GC-MS; in men at concentrations of 8.2-58 nmol/L, 3 of the 10 immunoassays tested gave mean differences >4.0 nmol/L (range, -4.8 to 2.6 nmol/L). None of the immunoassays tested was sufficiently reliable for the investigation of sera from children and women, in whom very low (0.17 nmol/L) and low (<1.7 nmol/L) testosterone concentrations are expected.
              Article 0 comments Cited 97 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Endocr Connect
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Endocr Connect
                Journal ID (hwp): EC
                Title: Endocrine Connections
                Publisher: Bioscientifica Ltd (Bristol )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2049-3614
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 April 2021
                Publication date Collection: 01 May 2021
                Volume: 10
                Issue: 5
                Pages: 511-520
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Clinical Sciences , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
                [2 ]Department of Medical Sciences , Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
                [3 ]Department of Pathology , University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
                [4 ]ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology , Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
                [5 ]Department of Medical Sciences , Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
                [6 ]Department of Chemistry – BMC , Analytical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
                [7 ]Department of Women’s and Children’s Health , Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
                Author notes
                Correspondence should be addressed to J C Penell: Johanna.Penell@ 123456slu.se
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2083-4048
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-5099
                Article
                Publisher ID: EC-21-0045
                DOI: 10.1530/EC-21-0045
                PMC ID: 8183619
                PubMed ID: 33878730
                SO-VID: d913d16b-9d84-4b5d-8135-45db1cef88f9
                Copyright © © The authors
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Date received : 29 March 2021
                Date accepted : 16 April 2021
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                Keywords: endogenous,sex steroids,elderly,population-based,liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
                Data availability:
                Keywords: endogenous, sex steroids, elderly, population-based, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

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