For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
55
views
128
references
 Top references
cited by
29
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      328
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Genetic dysbiosis: the role of microbial insults in chronic inflammatory diseases

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Thousands of bacterial phylotypes colonise the human body and the host response to this bacterial challenge greatly influences our state of health or disease. The concept of infectogenomics highlights the importance of host genetic factors in determining the composition of human microbial biofilms and the response to this microbial challenge. We hereby introduce the term ‘genetic dysbiosis’ to highlight the role of human genetic variants affecting microbial recognition and host response in creating an environment conducive to changes in the normal microbiota. Such changes can, in turn, predispose to, and influence, diseases such as: cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, bacterial vaginosis and periodontitis. This review presents the state of the evidence on host genetic factors affecting dysbiosis and microbial misrecognition (i.e. an aberrant response to the normal microbiota) and highlights the need for further research in this area.

          Related collections

          Most cited references128

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: found
          Is Open Access

          Structure, Function and Diversity of the Healthy Human Microbiome

          Tatiana Vishnivetskaya, Jeroen Raes (2014)
          Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin, and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics, and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analyzed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats to date. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families, and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology, and translational applications of the human microbiome.
          Article 0 comments Cited 2135 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: found

            Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease

            Luke Jostins, Stephan Ripke, Rinse Weersma … (2013)
            Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry with rising prevalence in other populations 1 . Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and subsequent meta-analyses of CD and UC 2,3 as separate phenotypes implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy 4 , in pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases 5 . Here we expand knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of CD and UC genome-wide association scans, with validation of significant findings in more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional and balancing selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe striking overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.
            Article 0 comments Cited 761 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases.

              D Frank, A. St. Amand, R Feldman … (2007)
              The two primary human inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are idiopathic relapsing disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. Although several lines of reasoning suggest that gastrointestinal (GI) microbes influence inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, the types of microbes involved have not been adequately described. Here we report the results of a culture-independent rRNA sequence analysis of GI tissue samples obtained from CD and UC patients, as well as non-IBD controls. Specimens were obtained through surgery from a variety of intestinal sites and included both pathologically normal and abnormal states. Our results provide comprehensive molecular-based analysis of the microbiota of the human small intestine. Comparison of clone libraries reveals statistically significant differences between the microbiotas of CD and UC patients and those of non-IBD controls. Significantly, our results indicate that a subset of CD and UC samples contained abnormal GI microbiotas, characterized by depletion of commensal bacteria, notably members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Patient stratification by GI microbiota provides further evidence that CD represents a spectrum of disease states and suggests that treatment of some forms of IBD may be facilitated by redress of the detected microbiological imbalances.
              Article 0 comments Cited 685 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Oral Microbiol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Oral Microbiol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JOM
                Title: Journal of Oral Microbiology
                Publisher: Co-Action Publishing
                ISSN (Electronic): 2000-2297
                Publication date (Electronic): 25 February 2014
                Publication date Collection: 2014
                Volume: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 10.3402/jom.v6.22962
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
                [2 ]Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
                [3 ]Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s, University of London, London, United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [* ] Luigi Nibali, Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray's Inn Road, London WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom. Email: l.nibali@ 123456ucl.ac.uk
                Article
                Publisher ID: 22962
                DOI: 10.3402/jom.v6.22962
                PMC ID: 3936111
                PubMed ID: 24578801
                SO-VID: d92f23df-7a08-440e-bae6-15c7fcde520d
                Copyright © © 2014 Luigi Nibali et al.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License, permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 02 October 2013
                Date revision received : 22 December 2013
                Date accepted : 04 January 2014
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: genetic,microbiome,dysbiosis,inflammation
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Microbiology & Virology
                Keywords: genetic, microbiome, dysbiosis, inflammation

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content328

                See all similar

                Cited by29

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors2,516

                See all reference authors