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      Erectile Dysfunction: A Primer for in Office Management

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          Abstract

          Introduction: Optimizing erectile dysfunction (ED) remains a clinically significant endeavor as insufficient outcomes from oral, injectable and even surgical approaches to treatment remain less than ideal. In this report, we integrate evolving knowledge and provide an algorithmic approach for the clinician to fine-tune management. Methods: We performed a PubMed and Medline search of Erectile Dysfunction treatment optimization, enhanced patient efficacy for ED, and why men fail ED treatment. All relevant papers for the past two decades were reviewed. Results: Establishing the goals and objectives of the patient and partner while providing detailed instructions for treatment can minimize failures and create an environment that allows treatment optimization. A thorough work-up may identify reversible or contributing causes. We identified several areas where treatment of ED could be optimized. These include; management of associated medical conditions, lifestyle improvements, PDE5 inhibitor prescription strategies, management of hypogonadism and the initiation of intracavernosal injection therapy (ICI). Conclusions: In our view, once a man presents for help to the clinician, use of the simple strategies identified in this review to optimize the tolerability, safety and effectiveness of the selected treatment should result in enhanced patient and partner satisfaction, with improved outcomes.

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          Most cited references75

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          Identification of late-onset hypogonadism in middle-aged and elderly men.

          The association between aging-related testosterone deficiency and late-onset hypogonadism in men remains a controversial concept. We sought evidence-based criteria for identifying late-onset hypogonadism in the general population on the basis of an association between symptoms and a low testosterone level. We surveyed a random population sample of 3369 men between the ages of 40 and 79 years at eight European centers. Using questionnaires, we collected data with regard to the subjects' general, sexual, physical, and psychological health. Levels of total testosterone were measured in morning blood samples by mass spectrometry, and free testosterone levels were calculated with the use of Vermeulen's formula. Data were randomly split into separate training and validation sets for confirmatory analyses. In the training set, symptoms of poor morning erection, low sexual desire, erectile dysfunction, inability to perform vigorous activity, depression, and fatigue were significantly related to the testosterone level. Increased probabilities of the three sexual symptoms and limited physical vigor were discernible with decreased testosterone levels (ranges, 8.0 to 13.0 nmol per liter [2.3 to 3.7 ng per milliliter] for total testosterone and 160 to 280 pmol per liter [46 to 81 pg per milliliter] for free testosterone). However, only the three sexual symptoms had a syndromic association with decreased testosterone levels. An inverse relationship between an increasing number of sexual symptoms and a decreasing testosterone level was observed. These relationships were independently confirmed in the validation set, in which the strengths of the association between symptoms and low testosterone levels determined the minimum criteria necessary to identify late-onset hypogonadism. Late-onset hypogonadism can be defined by the presence of at least three sexual symptoms associated with a total testosterone level of less than 11 nmol per liter (3.2 ng per milliliter) and a free testosterone level of less than 220 pmol per liter (64 pg per milliliter). 2010 Massachusetts Medical Society
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            Impotence and Its Medical and Psychosocial Correlates: Results of the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

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              Effects of Testosterone Treatment in Older Men.

              Serum testosterone concentrations decrease as men age, but benefits of raising testosterone levels in older men have not been established.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Med Sci (Basel)
                Med Sci (Basel)
                medsci
                Medical Sciences
                MDPI
                2076-3271
                29 August 2019
                September 2019
                : 7
                : 9
                : 90
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Western University, 268 Grosvenor Street, Room B4-663, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
                [2 ]Medical School, University College Cork, College Road, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: gebrock88@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                medsci-07-00090
                10.3390/medsci7090090
                6780163
                31470566
                d92ff519-4f44-4262-93d6-554583204810
                © 2019 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 18 July 2019
                : 26 August 2019
                Categories
                Review

                erectile dysfunction,treatment optimization,pde-5 inhibitors,testosterone

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