TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire)
is a new self-report measure of the affective temperament with depressive (D), cyclothymic
(C), hyperthymic (H), irritable (I), and anxious (A) subscales. To date, the original
110-item version has been translated into 25 languages, and validated in many countries
with different cultural backgrounds. This study presents the Italian brief, 39-item
version of the questionnaire, more suited for studies in populations and currently
validated in the U.S., and in a French translation.
A new version was prepared for this study via translation and back-translation of
the original brief scale. A pilot sample of 18 to 30 year-old undergraduate students
of both genders (n=440, males=178) were invited to fill in the newly prepared brief
version of TEMPS-A, as well as other self-report measures of psychopathology.
Reliability as measured by Cronbach's alpha was good for all TEMPS-A subscales (>0.70).
Most of the temperament subscales were associated with each other, with stronger links
between the Depressive, the Cyclothymic, the Irritable and the Anxious subscales.
Across the sample, measures of psychopathology in the domain of general distress and
dysphoria (GHQ-12), or in the delusion/hallucinatory psychotic-like dimension (PDI-21;
LSHS-R), were positively linked to the scores of the TEMPS-A subscales. Based on z-scores
above 2 SD, the rate of the depressive (6.4%) was the highest in this population,
followed by the cyclothymic (5%), the irritable (4.8%) and zero for the anxious and
hyperthymic. The irritable temperament was higher in males compared with females (7.3%
vs. 3.1%).
The study was limited to a young healthy volunteer sample. Data from clinical subjects
will be necessary to fully appreciate the validity of this version.
In its extended 110-item version, the TEMPS-A has proved its value in various populations:
due to its ease of administration, its short version is interesting to screen larger
samples. That the anxious subscale (which pertains largely to anxious people worrying
about their family's welfare) and the hyperthymic subscales are within the normal
curve is possibly due to the highly desirable nature of these traits in Italy.